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Fire Effects on the Cheatgrass Seed Bank Pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda

The generalist fungal pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda occurs primarily in cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) seed banks, where it causes high mortality. We investigated the relationship between this pathogen and its cheatgrass host in the context of fire, asking whether burning would facilitate host esca...

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Published in:Rangeland ecology & management 2011-03, Vol.64 (2), p.148-157
Main Authors: Beckstead, Julie, Street, Laura E, Meyer, Susan E, Allen, Phil S
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description The generalist fungal pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda occurs primarily in cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) seed banks, where it causes high mortality. We investigated the relationship between this pathogen and its cheatgrass host in the context of fire, asking whether burning would facilitate host escape from the pathogen or increase host vulnerability. We used a series of laboratory and field experiments to address the ability of host seeds and pathogen life stages to survive fire. First, we determined the thermal death point (TDP50; temperature causing 50% mortality) of seeds and pathogen propagules at two time intervals using a muffle furnace. We then measured peak fire temperatures in prescribed burns at sites in Utah and Washington and quantified seed and fungal propagule survival using pre- and postburn seed bank sampling and inoculum bioassays. Finally, we investigated the survival of both seeds and pathogen after wildfires. We found that radiant heat generated by both prescribed and wild cheatgrass monoculture fires was generally not sufficient to kill either host seeds or pathogen propagules; most mortality was apparently due to direct consumption by flames. The 5-min mean TDP50 was 164°C for pathogen propagules and 148°C for host seeds, indicating that the pathogen is more likely to survive fire than the seeds. Peak fire temperature at the surface in the prescribed burns averaged 130°C. Fire directly consumed 85–98% of the viable seed bank, but prescribed burns and wildfires generally did not lead to dramatic reductions in pathogen inoculum loads. We conclude that the net effect of fire on this pathosystem is not large. Rapid postburn recovery of both host and associated pathogen populations is the predicted outcome. Postfire management of residual cheatgrass seed banks should be facilitated by the persistent presence of this seed bank pathogen.
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source JSTOR Archival Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Bioassay
Bioassays
biological invasion
Biomass
Bromus tectorum
burning
Burns
Data collection
death
field experimentation
Field study
Field tests
fungi
heat
Infections
Inoculum
Monoculture
Mortality
Native species
natural enemies
Pathogens
plant–microbial interactions
Prescribed burning
Prescribed fire
Pyrenophora
Rangeland soils
Research Papers
Seed banks
Seeds
surface temperature
Temperature
thermal death point
Wildfires
title Fire Effects on the Cheatgrass Seed Bank Pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda
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