Waste incineration with production of clean and reliable energy

• Published in: Clean technologies and environmental policy 2011-08, Vol.13 (4), p.595-605
• Main Authors: Pavlas, Martin, Touš, Michal, Klimek, Petr, Bébar, Ladislav
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Clean technology; Cleaning; Cogeneration; Demand; Dioxins; Earth and Environmental Science; Electric power generation; Electricity; Electricity generation; Energy; Energy conservation; Energy efficiency; Energy recovery; Energy use; Environment; Environmental Economics; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology; Environmental policy; Heat; Incineration; Incinerators; Industrial and Production Engineering; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Industrial plant emissions; Investigations; Legislation; Marketing; Municipal solid waste; Original Paper; Power plants; Raw materials; Simulation; Sustainable Development; Utilization; Waste materials; Waste to energy; Wastes
• ISSN: 1618-954X; 1618-9558
• DOI: 10.1007/s10098-011-0353-5

Discussion about utilization of waste for energy production (waste-to-energy, WTE) has moved on to next development phase. Waste fired power plants are discussed and investigated. These facilities focus on electricity production whereas heat supply is diminished and operations are not limited by insufficient heat demand. Present results of simulation prove that increase of net electrical efficiency above 20% for units processing 100 kt/year (the most common ones) is problematic and tightly bound with increased investments. Very low useful heat production in Rankine-cycle based cogeneration system with standard steam parameters leads to ineffective utilization of energy. This is documented in this article with the help of newly developed methodology based on primary energy savings evaluation. This approach is confronted with common method for energy recovery efficiency evaluation required by EU legislation (Energy Efficiency— R 1 Criteria). New term highly - efficient WTE is proposed and condition under which is the incinerator classified as highly efficient are specified and analyzed. Once sole electricity production is compelled by limited local heat demand, application of non-conventional arrangements is highly beneficial to secure effective energy utilization. In the paper a system where municipal solid waste incinerator is integrated with combined gas–steam cycle is evaluated in the same manner.