Comparison of environmental impact and energy efficiency of desalination processes by LCA

In this study two desalination technologies have been compared by means of LCA with the focus on energy supply with a variety of scenarios based on different assumptions. The studied technologies are reverse osmosis and the newly developed technology Memstill where electrical energy demand is reduce...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science & technology. Water supply 2011-01, Vol.11 (2), p.246-251
Main Authors: TARNACKI, K. M, MELIN, T, JANSEN, A. E, VAN MEDEVOORT, J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Buildings. Public works
Chemical analysis
Demand
Desalination
Desalination plants
Energy
Energy consumption
Energy demand
Energy efficiency
Energy sources
Environmental impact
Exact sciences and technology
Methods
Reverse osmosis
Seawater
Software
Thermal energy
Water analysis
Water desalting
Water supply. Pipings. Water treatment
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Summary:In this study two desalination technologies have been compared by means of LCA with the focus on energy supply with a variety of scenarios based on different assumptions. The studied technologies are reverse osmosis and the newly developed technology Memstill where electrical energy demand is reduced by using external thermal energy source and use of chemicals is reduced. The scenarios are chosen to simulate different locations of sea water desalination plants and to demonstrate the impact of energy demand and energy source, chemical use and longer components' life times on the environment. The results show the dominant impact of energy demand on the overall results for all applied environmental impact assessment methods; transports, material and even chemical use are of negligible impact on the total score. The use of waste heat in case of Memstill offers a great opportunity to reduce the negative environmental impacts related to energy use. As the LCA analysis tool the GaBi software has been applied with the Ecoindicator99, CML 2001 and Ecopoints environmental impact assessment methods.
ISSN:1606-9749
1607-0798
DOI:10.2166/ws.2011.052