d-Aspartate—An important bioactive substance in mammals: A review from an analytical and biological point of view

It was long believed that d-amino acids were either unnatural isomers or laboratorial artifacts and that the important functions of amino acids were exerted only by l-amino acids. However, recent investigations have shown that a variety of d-amino acids are present in mammals and that they play impo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 2011-11, Vol.879 (29), p.3108-3121
Main Authors: Katane, Masumi, Homma, Hiroshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
amino acids
Animals
bioactive properties
Biological Transport
Biosynthesis
Cellular transport
central nervous system
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
d-Amino acid
d-Aspartate
D-Aspartic Acid - analysis
D-Aspartic Acid - chemistry
D-Aspartic Acid - metabolism
Degradation
high performance liquid chromatography
Humans
isomers
Localization
mammals
Mammals - metabolism
Organ Specificity
Stereoisomerism
tissues
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Summary:It was long believed that d-amino acids were either unnatural isomers or laboratorial artifacts and that the important functions of amino acids were exerted only by l-amino acids. However, recent investigations have shown that a variety of d-amino acids are present in mammals and that they play important roles in physiological functions in the body. Among the free d-amino acids that have been identified in mammals, d-aspartate ( d-Asp) has been shown to play a crucial role in the neuroendocrine and endocrine systems as well as in the central nervous system. Here, we present an overview of recent studies of free d-Asp, focusing on the analytical methods in real biological matrices, expression and localization in tissues and cells, biological and physiological activities, biosynthesis, degradation, cellular transport, and possible relevance to disease. In addition to frequently used techniques for the enantiomeric determination of amino acids, including high-performance liquid chromatography and enzymatic methods, the recent development of analytical methods is also described.
ISSN:1570-0232
1873-376X
DOI:10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.062