Influencing mucosal homeostasis and immune responsiveness: The impact of nutrition and pharmaceuticals

Both nutrition and orally ingested drugs pass the gastrointestinal mucosa and may affect the balance between the mucosal immune system and microbial community herein, i.e. affecting composition of the microbial community as well as the status of local immune system that controls microbial compositio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European journal of pharmacology 2011-09, Vol.668, p.S101-S107
Main Authors: van't Land, Belinda, Schijf, Marcel A., Martin, Rocio, Garssen, Johan, van Bleek, Grada M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
antibiotics
antigen-presenting cells
asthma
Biological and medical sciences
Food
Gastrointestinal Tract - drug effects
Gastrointestinal Tract - immunology
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
Gastrointestinal Tract - physiology
homeostasis
Homeostasis - drug effects
Humans
immune response
Immunopharmacology
intestinal mucosa
mammals
Medical sciences
Metagenome - drug effects
Metagenome - physiology
microbial communities
Microbial community
Mucosal homeostasis
Mucous Membrane - drug effects
Mucous Membrane - immunology
Mucous Membrane - microbiology
Mucous Membrane - physiology
nutrient content
Nutrition
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
receptors
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Summary:Both nutrition and orally ingested drugs pass the gastrointestinal mucosa and may affect the balance between the mucosal immune system and microbial community herein, i.e. affecting composition of the microbial community as well as the status of local immune system that controls microbial composition and maintains mucosal integrity. Numerous ways are known by which the microbial community stimulates mammalian host's immune system and vice versa. The communication between microbiota and immune system is principally mediated by interaction of bacterial components with pattern recognition receptors expressed by intestinal epithelium and various local antigen-presenting cells, resulting in activation or modulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Current review describes some of the factors influencing development and maintenance of a proper mucosal/immune balance, with special attention to Toll like receptor signaling and regulatory T cell development. It further describes examples (antibiotic use, HIV and asthma will be discussed) showing that disruption of the balance can be linked to immune function failure. The therapeutic potential of nutritional pharmacology herein is the main focus of discussion.
ISSN:0014-2999
1879-0712
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.082