Effects of Diet on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Multiple dietary factors have been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, and HDL-C has been inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Replacement of dietary carbohydrate with polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fat has been assoc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current atherosclerosis reports 2011-12, Vol.13 (6), p.453-460
Main Author: Siri-Tarino, Patty W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcohol Drinking
Angiology
Cardiology
Cholesterol, HDL - blood
Coronary Disease - blood
Diet
Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
Diet, Mediterranean
Diet, Reducing
Dietary Fats
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology
Humans
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Syndrome - blood
Nutrition (William S. Harris
Risk Factors
Section Editor
Weight Loss
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Summary:Multiple dietary factors have been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, and HDL-C has been inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Replacement of dietary carbohydrate with polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fat has been associated with progressively greater increases in HDL-C (7–12%) in addition to other lipid changes. Added sugars, but not high glycemic carbohydrates, have been associated with decreased HDL-C. Alcohol consumption has been associated with increased HDL-C (9.2%) independent of changes in other measured lipids. Modest effects on HDL-C (~4–5%) among other lipid and non-lipid CHD risk factors have also been observed with weight loss by dieting, omega-3 fatty acids, and a Mediterranean diet pattern. The CHD benefit of increasing HDL-C is unclear given the inconsistent evidence from HDL-raising pharmacologic trials. Furthermore, pleiotropic effects of diet preclude attribution of CHD benefit specifically to HDL-C. Investigation into functional or other properties of HDL may lend further insight.
ISSN:1523-3804
1534-6242
DOI:10.1007/s11883-011-0207-y