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Are “social drugs” (tobacco, coffee and chocolate) related to the bipolar spectrum?
Abstract Background Across all ages and cultures, mankind has always used substances in order to induce pleasurable sensations or desirable psychophysical states. These substances, notably caffeine, tobacco, alcohol and chocolate, can be labeled ‘social drugs’. Methods We analyzed the social drug ha...
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| Published in: | Journal of affective disorders 2011-09, Vol.133 (1), p.227-233 |
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| container_title | Journal of affective disorders |
| container_volume | 133 |
| creator | Maremmani, Icro Perugi, Giulio Rovai, Luca Maremmani, Angelo Giovanni Icro Pacini, Matteo Canonico, Pier Luigi Carbonato, Paolo Mencacci, Claudio Muscettola, Giovanni Pani, Luca Torta, Riccardo Vampini, Claudio Akiskal, Hagop S |
| description | Abstract Background Across all ages and cultures, mankind has always used substances in order to induce pleasurable sensations or desirable psychophysical states. These substances, notably caffeine, tobacco, alcohol and chocolate, can be labeled ‘social drugs’. Methods We analyzed the social drug habits of 562 patients suffering from mood disorders, according to DSM-IV-R criteria (major depressive episode, recurrent depression, bipolar type I and II disorders and depression not otherwise specified). The sample was also divided into bipolar and non-bipolar according to Hypomania Check-list 32 (HCL-32), which proposes a broader concept of hypomania and soft bipolarity, comprising the spectrum of bipolar disorders proper, along with other, “softer” expressions of bipolarity intermediate between bipolar disorder and normality. Results Using HCL-32 criteria, but DSM-IV -R criteria, a link was confirmed between bipolar spectrum and substance use including social drugs such as tobacco and coffee. Limitation Observational correlational study. Conclusion This study is in support of earlier theoretical formulations within the framework of the Pisa-San Diego collaboration. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.019 |
| format | article |
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These substances, notably caffeine, tobacco, alcohol and chocolate, can be labeled ‘social drugs’. Methods We analyzed the social drug habits of 562 patients suffering from mood disorders, according to DSM-IV-R criteria (major depressive episode, recurrent depression, bipolar type I and II disorders and depression not otherwise specified). The sample was also divided into bipolar and non-bipolar according to Hypomania Check-list 32 (HCL-32), which proposes a broader concept of hypomania and soft bipolarity, comprising the spectrum of bipolar disorders proper, along with other, “softer” expressions of bipolarity intermediate between bipolar disorder and normality. Results Using HCL-32 criteria, but DSM-IV -R criteria, a link was confirmed between bipolar spectrum and substance use including social drugs such as tobacco and coffee. Limitation Observational correlational study. Conclusion This study is in support of earlier theoretical formulations within the framework of the Pisa-San Diego collaboration.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0165-0327</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2517</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.019</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21605911</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JADID7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bipolar affective disorder ; Bipolar disorders ; Bipolar spectrum ; Bipolarity ; Cacao ; Caffeine ; Coffee ; Coffee and chocolate use ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Diet ; Drinking Behavior ; Ethanol ; Female ; Humans ; Hypomania ; Hypomania check-list ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mood disorders ; Mood Disorders - psychology ; Nicotiana ; Nicotine ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Suffering ; Tobacco ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of affective disorders, 2011-09, Vol.133 (1), p.227-233</ispartof><rights>Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-6b166641e001065a410a0650c513a31021c685ee6d273650d1033091ac3e1ee33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-6b166641e001065a410a0650c513a31021c685ee6d273650d1033091ac3e1ee33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924,30999</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24458356$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21605911$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Maremmani, Icro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perugi, Giulio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rovai, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maremmani, Angelo Giovanni Icro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacini, Matteo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canonico, Pier Luigi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carbonato, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mencacci, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muscettola, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pani, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torta, Riccardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vampini, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akiskal, Hagop S</creatorcontrib><title>Are “social drugs” (tobacco, coffee and chocolate) related to the bipolar spectrum?</title><title>Journal of affective disorders</title><addtitle>J Affect Disord</addtitle><description>Abstract Background Across all ages and cultures, mankind has always used substances in order to induce pleasurable sensations or desirable psychophysical states. These substances, notably caffeine, tobacco, alcohol and chocolate, can be labeled ‘social drugs’. Methods We analyzed the social drug habits of 562 patients suffering from mood disorders, according to DSM-IV-R criteria (major depressive episode, recurrent depression, bipolar type I and II disorders and depression not otherwise specified). The sample was also divided into bipolar and non-bipolar according to Hypomania Check-list 32 (HCL-32), which proposes a broader concept of hypomania and soft bipolarity, comprising the spectrum of bipolar disorders proper, along with other, “softer” expressions of bipolarity intermediate between bipolar disorder and normality. Results Using HCL-32 criteria, but DSM-IV -R criteria, a link was confirmed between bipolar spectrum and substance use including social drugs such as tobacco and coffee. Limitation Observational correlational study. Conclusion This study is in support of earlier theoretical formulations within the framework of the Pisa-San Diego collaboration.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bipolar affective disorder</subject><subject>Bipolar disorders</subject><subject>Bipolar spectrum</subject><subject>Bipolarity</subject><subject>Cacao</subject><subject>Caffeine</subject><subject>Coffee</subject><subject>Coffee and chocolate use</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Drinking Behavior</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypomania</subject><subject>Hypomania check-list</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mood disorders</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Nicotiana</subject><subject>Nicotine</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Preparations</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders</subject><subject>Suffering</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0165-0327</issn><issn>1573-2517</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kcFqFTEUhoMo9rb6AG4kG7GCM56TzGRmEJRStBUKLlRchtzMGZtx7uSazAjd9UHqy_VJzHCvFVy4-iH5_pPwHcaeIOQIqF71eW_aXABiDkUO2NxjKywrmYkSq_tslZgyAymqA3YYYw8AqqngITsQqKBsEFfs60kgfnt9E711ZuBtmL_F2-tf_Hjya2Otf8mt7zoibsaW20tv_WAmesEDLdnyyfPpkvjabdNF4HFLdgrz5u0j9qAzQ6TH-zxiX96_-3x6nl18PPtwenKR2UI1U6bWqJQqkAAQVGkKBJMSbInSSASBVtUlkWpFJdN5iyAlNGisJCSS8og9383dBv9jpjjpjYuWhsGM5OeoGxDQVDWIROKOtMHHGKjT2-A2JlxpBL3o1L1OOvWiU0Ohk87UebqfPq831N41_vhLwLM9YKI1QxfMaF38yxVFWctSJe71jqPk4qejoKN1NFpqXUjGdOvdf7_x5p-2Hdzo0oPf6Ypi7-cwJskadRQa9Kdl78vaEZPWWtXyN1NHpfg</recordid><startdate>20110901</startdate><enddate>20110901</enddate><creator>Maremmani, Icro</creator><creator>Perugi, Giulio</creator><creator>Rovai, Luca</creator><creator>Maremmani, Angelo Giovanni Icro</creator><creator>Pacini, Matteo</creator><creator>Canonico, Pier Luigi</creator><creator>Carbonato, Paolo</creator><creator>Mencacci, Claudio</creator><creator>Muscettola, Giovanni</creator><creator>Pani, Luca</creator><creator>Torta, Riccardo</creator><creator>Vampini, Claudio</creator><creator>Akiskal, Hagop S</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110901</creationdate><title>Are “social drugs” (tobacco, coffee and chocolate) related to the bipolar spectrum?</title><author>Maremmani, Icro ; Perugi, Giulio ; Rovai, Luca ; Maremmani, Angelo Giovanni Icro ; Pacini, Matteo ; Canonico, Pier Luigi ; Carbonato, Paolo ; Mencacci, Claudio ; Muscettola, Giovanni ; Pani, Luca ; Torta, Riccardo ; Vampini, Claudio ; Akiskal, Hagop S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-6b166641e001065a410a0650c513a31021c685ee6d273650d1033091ac3e1ee33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bipolar affective disorder</topic><topic>Bipolar disorders</topic><topic>Bipolar spectrum</topic><topic>Bipolarity</topic><topic>Cacao</topic><topic>Caffeine</topic><topic>Coffee</topic><topic>Coffee and chocolate use</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Drinking Behavior</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypomania</topic><topic>Hypomania check-list</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mood disorders</topic><topic>Mood Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Nicotiana</topic><topic>Nicotine</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Preparations</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders</topic><topic>Suffering</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Maremmani, Icro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perugi, Giulio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rovai, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maremmani, Angelo Giovanni Icro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacini, Matteo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canonico, Pier Luigi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carbonato, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mencacci, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muscettola, Giovanni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pani, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torta, Riccardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vampini, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akiskal, Hagop S</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><jtitle>Journal of affective disorders</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Maremmani, Icro</au><au>Perugi, Giulio</au><au>Rovai, Luca</au><au>Maremmani, Angelo Giovanni Icro</au><au>Pacini, Matteo</au><au>Canonico, Pier Luigi</au><au>Carbonato, Paolo</au><au>Mencacci, Claudio</au><au>Muscettola, Giovanni</au><au>Pani, Luca</au><au>Torta, Riccardo</au><au>Vampini, Claudio</au><au>Akiskal, Hagop S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Are “social drugs” (tobacco, coffee and chocolate) related to the bipolar spectrum?</atitle><jtitle>Journal of affective disorders</jtitle><addtitle>J Affect Disord</addtitle><date>2011-09-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>133</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>227</spage><epage>233</epage><pages>227-233</pages><issn>0165-0327</issn><eissn>1573-2517</eissn><coden>JADID7</coden><abstract>Abstract Background Across all ages and cultures, mankind has always used substances in order to induce pleasurable sensations or desirable psychophysical states. These substances, notably caffeine, tobacco, alcohol and chocolate, can be labeled ‘social drugs’. Methods We analyzed the social drug habits of 562 patients suffering from mood disorders, according to DSM-IV-R criteria (major depressive episode, recurrent depression, bipolar type I and II disorders and depression not otherwise specified). The sample was also divided into bipolar and non-bipolar according to Hypomania Check-list 32 (HCL-32), which proposes a broader concept of hypomania and soft bipolarity, comprising the spectrum of bipolar disorders proper, along with other, “softer” expressions of bipolarity intermediate between bipolar disorder and normality. Results Using HCL-32 criteria, but DSM-IV -R criteria, a link was confirmed between bipolar spectrum and substance use including social drugs such as tobacco and coffee. Limitation Observational correlational study. Conclusion This study is in support of earlier theoretical formulations within the framework of the Pisa-San Diego collaboration.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>21605911</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.019</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of affective disorders, 2011-09, Vol.133 (1), p.227-233 |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Aged Alcohol Drinking Biological and medical sciences Bipolar affective disorder Bipolar disorders Bipolar spectrum Bipolarity Cacao Caffeine Coffee Coffee and chocolate use Cohort Studies Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Diet Drinking Behavior Ethanol Female Humans Hypomania Hypomania check-list Medical sciences Middle Aged Mood disorders Mood Disorders - psychology Nicotiana Nicotine Pharmaceutical Preparations Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Risk Factors Smoking Substance-Related Disorders Suffering Tobacco Young Adult |
| title | Are “social drugs” (tobacco, coffee and chocolate) related to the bipolar spectrum? |
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