Regulation of apoptosis during homeostasis and disease in the intestinal epithelium

A single epithelial layer serves as the interface between the organism and the contents of the gastrointestinal tract, underlining the importance of regulating cellular viability despite an onslaught of pathogens, toxins, waste by‐products, and cytokines. A balance between cellular proliferation and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Inflammatory bowel diseases 2006-05, Vol.12 (5), p.413-424
Main Authors: Edelblum, Karen L., Yan, Fang, Yamaoka, Toshimitsu, Polk, D. Brent
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - physiology
Cytokines
Epithelial cells
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
Epithelial Cells - pathology
Epithelium
Gastrointestinal tract
Homeostasis
Homeostasis - physiology
Humans
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Intestinal Diseases - metabolism
Intestinal Diseases - microbiology
Intestinal Diseases - pathology
Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
Intestinal Mucosa - physiology
Intestine
Neoplasia
Pathogens
Toxins
Wastes
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Summary:A single epithelial layer serves as the interface between the organism and the contents of the gastrointestinal tract, underlining the importance of regulating cellular viability despite an onslaught of pathogens, toxins, waste by‐products, and cytokines. A balance between cellular proliferation and apoptosis is necessary to maintain this critical barrier. Recent findings have begun to explain the mechanisms by which intestinal epithelial cells are able to survive in such an environment and how loss of normal regulatory processes may lead to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and predispose to inflammation‐associated neoplasia. This review focuses on the regulation of physiological apoptosis in development and homeostasis and on pathological apoptosis in intestinal disease, inflammation, and neoplasia, identifying remaining questions and areas of needed investigation.
ISSN:1078-0998
1536-4844
DOI:10.1097/01.MIB.0000217334.30689.3e