Water reuse: >90% water yield in MBR/RO through concentrate recycling and CO₂ addition as scaling control

Over 1.5 years continuous piloting of a municipal wastewater plant upgraded with a double membrane system (ca. 0.6 m³ d⁻¹ of product water produced) have demonstrated the feasibility of achieving high water quality with a water yield of 90% by combining a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a submerged u...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water research (Oxford) 2011-11, Vol.45 (18), p.6141-6151
Main Authors: Joss, Adriano, Baenninger, Claudia, Foa, Paolo, Koepke, Stephan, Krauss, Martin, McArdell, Christa S, Rottermann, Karin, Wei, Yuansong, Zapata, Ana, Siegrist, Hansruedi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
aeration
Applied sciences
Biological
Bioreactors
Calcium carbonate
calcium phosphates
Carbon dioxide
Carbon Dioxide - chemistry
Chemical Precipitation
Cities
Conditioning
detection limit
drugs
Exact sciences and technology
Feasibility Studies
Membranes
Membranes, Artificial
municipal wastewater
Osmosis
ozonation
Ozone - chemistry
Permeability
Pollution
Precipitation
Recycling
Recycling - methods
reverse osmosis
Salts - chemistry
sewage
sludge
Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
sulfate minerals
ultrafiltration
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Water - chemistry
Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification
Water Purification - instrumentation
water quality
water reuse
water salinity
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:Over 1.5 years continuous piloting of a municipal wastewater plant upgraded with a double membrane system (ca. 0.6 m³ d⁻¹ of product water produced) have demonstrated the feasibility of achieving high water quality with a water yield of 90% by combining a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a submerged ultrafiltration membrane followed by a reverse osmosis membrane (RO). The novelty of the proposed treatment scheme consists of the appropriate conditioning of MBR effluent prior to the RO and in recycling the RO concentrates back to the biological unit. All the 15 pharmaceuticals measured in the influent municipal sewage were retained below 100 ng L⁻¹, a proposed quality parameter, and mostly below detection limits of 10 ng L⁻¹. The mass balance of the micropollutants shows that these are either degraded or discharged with the excess concentrate, while only minor quantities were found in the excess sludge. The micropollutant load in the concentrate can be significantly reduced by ozonation. A low treated water salinity (
ISSN:0043-1354
1879-2448
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.011