Immune modulation in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis exposed to North Sea produced water

The discharge of oil well produced water (PW) provides a constant source of contaminants to the marine environment including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylated phenols, metals and production chemicals. High concentrations of PW cause adverse effects to exposed biota, including reduced survi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental pollution (1987) 2009-06, Vol.157 (6), p.1939-1944
Main Authors: Hannam, M.L., Bamber, S.D., Sundt, R.C., Galloway, T.S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Applied ecology
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Survival
Ecotoxicology - methods
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on protozoa and invertebrates
Environmental Exposure
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hemocytes - drug effects
Immunotoxicity
Immunotoxins - toxicity
Industrial Waste - adverse effects
Marine
Marine and brackish environment
Mytilus edulis
Mytilus edulis - cytology
Mytilus edulis - drug effects
Mytilus edulis - immunology
North Sea
Petroleum
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis - drug effects
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Produced water
Seawater
Time Factors
Toxicity Tests
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
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Summary:The discharge of oil well produced water (PW) provides a constant source of contaminants to the marine environment including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylated phenols, metals and production chemicals. High concentrations of PW cause adverse effects to exposed biota, including reduced survival, growth and reproduction. Here we explore the effects of PW on immune function in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Mussels were exposed for 21 days to sublethal PW concentrations (0.125–0.5%) and cellular parameters were measured. Cell viability, phagocytosis and cytotoxicity were inhibited after exposure to 0.25% and 0.5% PW, whilst the 0.125% PW treatment produced significant increases in these biomarker responses. This biphasic response was only observed after 7 days exposure; longer exposure periods led to a reduction in immune parameters. Results indicate that PW concentrations close to the discharge point cause modulation to cellular immunity. The implications for longer-term disease resistance are discussed. Exposure to produced water alters immune function in the sentinel species Mytilus edulis.
ISSN:0269-7491
1873-6424
DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.031