An assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the United States

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment, owing to their use in consumer products ranging from electronics to mattresses, furniture, and carpets. People are exposed to PBDEs through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2009-07, Vol.76 (4), p.542-548
Main Authors: Johnson-Restrepo, Boris, Kannan, Kurunthachalam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis
Applied sciences
Breast milk
Child
Child, Preschool
Dietary intake
Dust - analysis
Environmental Pollutants - analysis
Exact sciences and technology
Exposure assessment
Food
Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis
House dust
Humans
Infant
Inhalation Exposure
Milk, Human - chemistry
Pollution
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs
Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs
United States
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Summary:Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment, owing to their use in consumer products ranging from electronics to mattresses, furniture, and carpets. People are exposed to PBDEs through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles present in the air. In this study, concentrations of PBDEs were determined in indoor air and house dust collected from homes in Albany, New York, USA. Based on the measured concentrations of PBDEs in indoor air and dust, we estimated daily exposure dose (DED) of PBDEs. In addition, we used previously published PBDE concentrations reported for breast milk from Massachusetts, USA [Johnson-Restrepo, B., Addink, R., Wong, C., Arcaro, K., Kannan, K., 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from Massachusetts. USA. J. Environ. Monitor. 9, 1205–1212] and foodstuffs collected from Texas and Florida, USA [Schecter, A., Päpke, O., Harris, T.R., Tung, K.C., Musumba, A., Olson, J., Birnbaum, L., 2006. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of U.S. food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 1515–1520, Johnson-Restrepo, B., Kannan, K., Addink, R., Adams, D.H., 2005b. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a marine foodweb of coastal Florida. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 8243–8250], in an estimation of dietary exposure to PBDEs. The exposure assessment was performed for five age groups: infants (
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.068