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An assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the United States
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment, owing to their use in consumer products ranging from electronics to mattresses, furniture, and carpets. People are exposed to PBDEs through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles...
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Published in: | Chemosphere (Oxford) 2009-07, Vol.76 (4), p.542-548 |
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description | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment, owing to their use in consumer products ranging from electronics to mattresses, furniture, and carpets. People are exposed to PBDEs through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles present in the air. In this study, concentrations of PBDEs were determined in indoor air and house dust collected from homes in Albany, New York, USA. Based on the measured concentrations of PBDEs in indoor air and dust, we estimated daily exposure dose (DED) of PBDEs. In addition, we used previously published PBDE concentrations reported for breast milk from Massachusetts, USA [Johnson-Restrepo, B., Addink, R., Wong, C., Arcaro, K., Kannan, K., 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from Massachusetts. USA. J. Environ. Monitor. 9, 1205–1212] and foodstuffs collected from Texas and Florida, USA [Schecter, A., Päpke, O., Harris, T.R., Tung, K.C., Musumba, A., Olson, J., Birnbaum, L., 2006. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of U.S. food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 1515–1520, Johnson-Restrepo, B., Kannan, K., Addink, R., Adams, D.H., 2005b. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a marine foodweb of coastal Florida. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 8243–8250], in an estimation of dietary exposure to PBDEs. The exposure assessment was performed for five age groups: infants ( |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.068 |
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yr), toddlers (1–5
yr), children (6–11
yr), teenagers (12–19
yr), and adults (⩾20
yr). The dust ingestion and air inhalation factors that we used were the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) exposure factors, while the daily food intake rates (g/day) were derived from the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) food intake surveys. The total DED of PBDEs was calculated by summation of the exposures from diet, indoor air, and house dust. The average estimated DED of PBDEs was the highest for breastfed infants (86.4
ng/kg-bw/day), contributed primarily (91%) from the consumption of breast milk. The average DED of PBDEs for toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults was respectively, 13.3, 5.3, 3.5, and 2.9
ng/kg-bw/day. Ingestion and dermal absorption of house dust are the major pathways of PBDE exposure in toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults accounting for, on average, 56–77% of the total PBDE intake.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0045-6535</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1298</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.068</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19349061</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CMSHAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis ; Applied sciences ; Breast milk ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dietary intake ; Dust - analysis ; Environmental Pollutants - analysis ; Exact sciences and technology ; Exposure assessment ; Food ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis ; House dust ; Humans ; Infant ; Inhalation Exposure ; Milk, Human - chemistry ; Pollution ; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs ; Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs ; United States</subject><ispartof>Chemosphere (Oxford), 2009-07, Vol.76 (4), p.542-548</ispartof><rights>2009 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-b26959f93dae3f4628e760ffb467b577ac962e8e039c4c27dafc0cfbb6d03e273</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-b26959f93dae3f4628e760ffb467b577ac962e8e039c4c27dafc0cfbb6d03e273</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21631253$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19349061$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Johnson-Restrepo, Boris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kannan, Kurunthachalam</creatorcontrib><title>An assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the United States</title><title>Chemosphere (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><description>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment, owing to their use in consumer products ranging from electronics to mattresses, furniture, and carpets. People are exposed to PBDEs through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles present in the air. In this study, concentrations of PBDEs were determined in indoor air and house dust collected from homes in Albany, New York, USA. Based on the measured concentrations of PBDEs in indoor air and dust, we estimated daily exposure dose (DED) of PBDEs. In addition, we used previously published PBDE concentrations reported for breast milk from Massachusetts, USA [Johnson-Restrepo, B., Addink, R., Wong, C., Arcaro, K., Kannan, K., 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from Massachusetts. USA. J. Environ. Monitor. 9, 1205–1212] and foodstuffs collected from Texas and Florida, USA [Schecter, A., Päpke, O., Harris, T.R., Tung, K.C., Musumba, A., Olson, J., Birnbaum, L., 2006. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of U.S. food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 1515–1520, Johnson-Restrepo, B., Kannan, K., Addink, R., Adams, D.H., 2005b. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a marine foodweb of coastal Florida. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 8243–8250], in an estimation of dietary exposure to PBDEs. The exposure assessment was performed for five age groups: infants (<1
yr), toddlers (1–5
yr), children (6–11
yr), teenagers (12–19
yr), and adults (⩾20
yr). The dust ingestion and air inhalation factors that we used were the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) exposure factors, while the daily food intake rates (g/day) were derived from the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) food intake surveys. The total DED of PBDEs was calculated by summation of the exposures from diet, indoor air, and house dust. The average estimated DED of PBDEs was the highest for breastfed infants (86.4
ng/kg-bw/day), contributed primarily (91%) from the consumption of breast milk. The average DED of PBDEs for toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults was respectively, 13.3, 5.3, 3.5, and 2.9
ng/kg-bw/day. Ingestion and dermal absorption of house dust are the major pathways of PBDE exposure in toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults accounting for, on average, 56–77% of the total PBDE intake.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Breast milk</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Dietary intake</subject><subject>Dust - analysis</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Exposure assessment</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis</subject><subject>House dust</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Inhalation Exposure</subject><subject>Milk, Human - chemistry</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs</subject><subject>Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs</subject><subject>United States</subject><issn>0045-6535</issn><issn>1879-1298</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkU2P1SAUhonROHdG_4LBhc6qlY-WluXkxq9kEhc6a0LpaS43LVROq95_L829UVfqCgLPC2_OQ8hLzkrOuHpzLN0BpojzARKUgjFdMlEy1T4iO942uuBCt4_JjrGqLlQt6ytyjXhkLIdr_ZRccS0rzRTfkXAXqEUExAnCQuNAMa7JAVIbejrb5fDdnnA7P6yTDRR-zBHXBHSJdI7jqUtx8sEu0NPe5z7hNFJYci-kPtC8oQ_Bb7eflwzhM_JksCPC88t6Qx7evf2y_1Dcf3r_cX93X7ha1UvRCaVrPWjZW5BDpUQLjWLD0FWq6eqmsU4rAS0wqV3lRNPbwTE3dJ3qmQTRyBtye353TvHrCriYyaODcbQB4opGM6lkzWSbydd_JWVVVVy38p-gyPNsJeMZ1GfQpYiYYDBz8pNNJ8OZ2fyZo_nDn9n8GSZM9pezLy6frN0E_e_kRVgGXl0Ai86OQ7LBefzFCa4kF_XWdn_mIE_5m4dk0HkIDnqfwC2mj_4_6vwEGnzBAQ</recordid><startdate>20090701</startdate><enddate>20090701</enddate><creator>Johnson-Restrepo, Boris</creator><creator>Kannan, Kurunthachalam</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090701</creationdate><title>An assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the United States</title><author>Johnson-Restrepo, Boris ; Kannan, Kurunthachalam</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c565t-b26959f93dae3f4628e760ffb467b577ac962e8e039c4c27dafc0cfbb6d03e273</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Breast milk</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Dietary intake</topic><topic>Dust - analysis</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Exposure assessment</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis</topic><topic>House dust</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Inhalation Exposure</topic><topic>Milk, Human - chemistry</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs</topic><topic>Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs</topic><topic>United States</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Johnson-Restrepo, Boris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kannan, Kurunthachalam</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Johnson-Restrepo, Boris</au><au>Kannan, Kurunthachalam</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the United States</atitle><jtitle>Chemosphere (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Chemosphere</addtitle><date>2009-07-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>542</spage><epage>548</epage><pages>542-548</pages><issn>0045-6535</issn><eissn>1879-1298</eissn><coden>CMSHAF</coden><abstract>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment, owing to their use in consumer products ranging from electronics to mattresses, furniture, and carpets. People are exposed to PBDEs through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles present in the air. In this study, concentrations of PBDEs were determined in indoor air and house dust collected from homes in Albany, New York, USA. Based on the measured concentrations of PBDEs in indoor air and dust, we estimated daily exposure dose (DED) of PBDEs. In addition, we used previously published PBDE concentrations reported for breast milk from Massachusetts, USA [Johnson-Restrepo, B., Addink, R., Wong, C., Arcaro, K., Kannan, K., 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from Massachusetts. USA. J. Environ. Monitor. 9, 1205–1212] and foodstuffs collected from Texas and Florida, USA [Schecter, A., Päpke, O., Harris, T.R., Tung, K.C., Musumba, A., Olson, J., Birnbaum, L., 2006. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of U.S. food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 1515–1520, Johnson-Restrepo, B., Kannan, K., Addink, R., Adams, D.H., 2005b. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a marine foodweb of coastal Florida. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 8243–8250], in an estimation of dietary exposure to PBDEs. The exposure assessment was performed for five age groups: infants (<1
yr), toddlers (1–5
yr), children (6–11
yr), teenagers (12–19
yr), and adults (⩾20
yr). The dust ingestion and air inhalation factors that we used were the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) exposure factors, while the daily food intake rates (g/day) were derived from the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) food intake surveys. The total DED of PBDEs was calculated by summation of the exposures from diet, indoor air, and house dust. The average estimated DED of PBDEs was the highest for breastfed infants (86.4
ng/kg-bw/day), contributed primarily (91%) from the consumption of breast milk. The average DED of PBDEs for toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults was respectively, 13.3, 5.3, 3.5, and 2.9
ng/kg-bw/day. Ingestion and dermal absorption of house dust are the major pathways of PBDE exposure in toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults accounting for, on average, 56–77% of the total PBDE intake.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>19349061</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.068</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Adult Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis Applied sciences Breast milk Child Child, Preschool Dietary intake Dust - analysis Environmental Pollutants - analysis Exact sciences and technology Exposure assessment Food Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis House dust Humans Infant Inhalation Exposure Milk, Human - chemistry Pollution Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs United States |
title | An assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the United States |
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