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An assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the United States

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment, owing to their use in consumer products ranging from electronics to mattresses, furniture, and carpets. People are exposed to PBDEs through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles...

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Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2009-07, Vol.76 (4), p.542-548
Main Authors: Johnson-Restrepo, Boris, Kannan, Kurunthachalam
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description Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous in the indoor environment, owing to their use in consumer products ranging from electronics to mattresses, furniture, and carpets. People are exposed to PBDEs through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles present in the air. In this study, concentrations of PBDEs were determined in indoor air and house dust collected from homes in Albany, New York, USA. Based on the measured concentrations of PBDEs in indoor air and dust, we estimated daily exposure dose (DED) of PBDEs. In addition, we used previously published PBDE concentrations reported for breast milk from Massachusetts, USA [Johnson-Restrepo, B., Addink, R., Wong, C., Arcaro, K., Kannan, K., 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from Massachusetts. USA. J. Environ. Monitor. 9, 1205–1212] and foodstuffs collected from Texas and Florida, USA [Schecter, A., Päpke, O., Harris, T.R., Tung, K.C., Musumba, A., Olson, J., Birnbaum, L., 2006. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of U.S. food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 1515–1520, Johnson-Restrepo, B., Kannan, K., Addink, R., Adams, D.H., 2005b. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a marine foodweb of coastal Florida. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 8243–8250], in an estimation of dietary exposure to PBDEs. The exposure assessment was performed for five age groups: infants (
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People are exposed to PBDEs through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles present in the air. In this study, concentrations of PBDEs were determined in indoor air and house dust collected from homes in Albany, New York, USA. Based on the measured concentrations of PBDEs in indoor air and dust, we estimated daily exposure dose (DED) of PBDEs. In addition, we used previously published PBDE concentrations reported for breast milk from Massachusetts, USA [Johnson-Restrepo, B., Addink, R., Wong, C., Arcaro, K., Kannan, K., 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from Massachusetts. USA. J. Environ. Monitor. 9, 1205–1212] and foodstuffs collected from Texas and Florida, USA [Schecter, A., Päpke, O., Harris, T.R., Tung, K.C., Musumba, A., Olson, J., Birnbaum, L., 2006. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of U.S. food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 1515–1520, Johnson-Restrepo, B., Kannan, K., Addink, R., Adams, D.H., 2005b. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a marine foodweb of coastal Florida. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 8243–8250], in an estimation of dietary exposure to PBDEs. The exposure assessment was performed for five age groups: infants (&lt;1 yr), toddlers (1–5 yr), children (6–11 yr), teenagers (12–19 yr), and adults (⩾20 yr). The dust ingestion and air inhalation factors that we used were the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) exposure factors, while the daily food intake rates (g/day) were derived from the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) food intake surveys. The total DED of PBDEs was calculated by summation of the exposures from diet, indoor air, and house dust. 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People are exposed to PBDEs through inhalation of indoor air and ingestion, and dermal absorption of dust particles present in the air. In this study, concentrations of PBDEs were determined in indoor air and house dust collected from homes in Albany, New York, USA. Based on the measured concentrations of PBDEs in indoor air and dust, we estimated daily exposure dose (DED) of PBDEs. In addition, we used previously published PBDE concentrations reported for breast milk from Massachusetts, USA [Johnson-Restrepo, B., Addink, R., Wong, C., Arcaro, K., Kannan, K., 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from Massachusetts. USA. J. Environ. Monitor. 9, 1205–1212] and foodstuffs collected from Texas and Florida, USA [Schecter, A., Päpke, O., Harris, T.R., Tung, K.C., Musumba, A., Olson, J., Birnbaum, L., 2006. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of U.S. food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 1515–1520, Johnson-Restrepo, B., Kannan, K., Addink, R., Adams, D.H., 2005b. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a marine foodweb of coastal Florida. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 8243–8250], in an estimation of dietary exposure to PBDEs. The exposure assessment was performed for five age groups: infants (&lt;1 yr), toddlers (1–5 yr), children (6–11 yr), teenagers (12–19 yr), and adults (⩾20 yr). The dust ingestion and air inhalation factors that we used were the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) exposure factors, while the daily food intake rates (g/day) were derived from the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) food intake surveys. The total DED of PBDEs was calculated by summation of the exposures from diet, indoor air, and house dust. 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ispartof Chemosphere (Oxford), 2009-07, Vol.76 (4), p.542-548
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source Elsevier
subjects Adolescent
Adult
Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis
Applied sciences
Breast milk
Child
Child, Preschool
Dietary intake
Dust - analysis
Environmental Pollutants - analysis
Exact sciences and technology
Exposure assessment
Food
Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis
House dust
Humans
Infant
Inhalation Exposure
Milk, Human - chemistry
Pollution
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs
Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs
United States
title An assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the United States
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