A trio of microRNAs that control Toll-like receptor signalling

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the host recognize conserved microbial products and defend against pathogenic attack by initiating an immune response via signalling pathways that lead to an increase in immune and inflammatory gene expression. TLR signalling must be stringently regulated in order to en...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International immunology 2011-07, Vol.23 (7), p.421-425
Main Authors: Quinn, Susan R., O'Neill, Luke A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Gene Expression Regulation - immunology
Humans
Immunity, Innate - genetics
Immunity, Innate - immunology
Inflammation - genetics
Inflammation - immunology
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - immunology
Signal Transduction - genetics
Signal Transduction - immunology
Toll-Like Receptors - immunology
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Summary:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the host recognize conserved microbial products and defend against pathogenic attack by initiating an immune response via signalling pathways that lead to an increase in immune and inflammatory gene expression. TLR signalling must be stringently regulated in order to ensure sufficient clearance of pathogens and a timely return to homeostasis after infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly discovered class of gene regulators which bind to the 3′ untranslated region of target mRNA and direct their post-transcriptional repression. They are global regulators potentially controlling up to 30% of the human genome. Several miRNAs have been shown to be up-regulated in response to TLR ligands, and many directly target components of the TLR signalling system, revealing a whole extra level of control of TLR signalling which is being extensively researched. The dysregulation of miRNAs may be involved in many inflammatory diseases and cancers and thus merits further investigation. In this review, we focus in on a trio of miRNA which have proven to be key in many immune and inflammatory pathways; miR-155, miR-21 and miR-146.
ISSN:0953-8178
1460-2377
DOI:10.1093/intimm/dxr034