Asynchronous Diversification in a Specialized Plant-Pollinator Mutualism

Most flowering plants establish mutualistic associations with insect pollinators to facilitate sexual reproduction. However, the evolutionary processes that gave rise to these associations remain poorly understood. We reconstructed the times of divergence, diversification patterns, and interaction n...

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Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2011-09, Vol.333 (6050), p.1742-1746
Main Authors: Ramírez, Santiago R., Eltz, Thomas, Fujiwara, Mikiko K., Gerlach, Günter, Goldman-Huertas, Benjamin, Tsutsui, Neil D., Pierce, Naomi E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiosperms
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Autoecology
Bees
Bees - anatomy & histology
Bees - classification
Bees - genetics
Bees - physiology
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Evolution
Coevolution
Ecosystem
Evolutionary biology
Extinction, Biological
Female
Flowers - anatomy & histology
Fossils
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genera
Genetic Speciation
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Insect genetics
Insect pollination
Insect reproduction
Male
Male animals
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutualism
Odorants
Orchidaceae
Orchidaceae - anatomy & histology
Orchidaceae - classification
Orchidaceae - genetics
Orchidaceae - physiology
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plant ecology
Plant reproduction
Plants and fungi
Pollinating insects
Pollination
Protozoa. Invertebrata
Selection, Genetic
Specialization
Symbiosis
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creator Ramírez, Santiago R.
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Pierce, Naomi E.
description Most flowering plants establish mutualistic associations with insect pollinators to facilitate sexual reproduction. However, the evolutionary processes that gave rise to these associations remain poorly understood. We reconstructed the times of divergence, diversification patterns, and interaction networks of a diverse group of specialized orchids and their bee pollinators. In contrast to a scenario of coevolution by race formation, we show that fragrance-producing orchids originated at least three times independently after their fragrance-collecting bee mutualists. Whereas orchid diversification has apparently tracked the diversification of orchids' bee pollinators, bees appear to have depended on the diverse chemical environment of neotropical forests. We corroborated this apparent asymmetrical dependency by simulating co-extinction cascades in real interaction networks that lacked reciprocal specialization. These results suggest that the diversification of insect-pollinated angiosperms may have been facilitated by the exploitation of preexisting sensory biases of insect pollinators.
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However, the evolutionary processes that gave rise to these associations remain poorly understood. We reconstructed the times of divergence, diversification patterns, and interaction networks of a diverse group of specialized orchids and their bee pollinators. In contrast to a scenario of coevolution by race formation, we show that fragrance-producing orchids originated at least three times independently after their fragrance-collecting bee mutualists. Whereas orchid diversification has apparently tracked the diversification of orchids' bee pollinators, bees appear to have depended on the diverse chemical environment of neotropical forests. We corroborated this apparent asymmetrical dependency by simulating co-extinction cascades in real interaction networks that lacked reciprocal specialization. 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subjects Angiosperms
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Autoecology
Bees
Bees - anatomy & histology
Bees - classification
Bees - genetics
Bees - physiology
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Evolution
Coevolution
Ecosystem
Evolutionary biology
Extinction, Biological
Female
Flowers - anatomy & histology
Fossils
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genera
Genetic Speciation
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Insect genetics
Insect pollination
Insect reproduction
Male
Male animals
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutualism
Odorants
Orchidaceae
Orchidaceae - anatomy & histology
Orchidaceae - classification
Orchidaceae - genetics
Orchidaceae - physiology
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plant ecology
Plant reproduction
Plants and fungi
Pollinating insects
Pollination
Protozoa. Invertebrata
Selection, Genetic
Specialization
Symbiosis
title Asynchronous Diversification in a Specialized Plant-Pollinator Mutualism
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