Acute hyperglycemia is related to gastrointestinal symptoms in motion sickness: An experimental study

• Published in: Physiology & behavior 2012-01, Vol.105 (2), p.394-401
• Main Authors: Mo, Feng-Feng, Qin, Hai-Hong, Wang, Xiao-Li, Shen, Zhi-Lei, Xu, Zheng, Wang, Kai-Hua, Cai, Yi-Ling, Li, Min
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acceleration - adverse effects; Animals; Behavioral psychophysiology; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose; blood serum; cortisol; Disease Models, Animal; Ent, stomatology, face, injuries. Foreign bodies. Diseases due to physical agents: otorhinolaryngology; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; epinephrine; fumaric acid; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gas chromatography; Gastrointestinal Diseases - etiology; gastrointestinal system; glucagon; Glucose; histidine; Hormone; Hormones - blood; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hyperglycemia; Hyperglycemia - complications; Hyperglycemia - etiology; insulin; intraperitoneal injection; Male; mass spectrometry; Medical sciences; metabolites; Motion sickness; Motion Sickness - blood; Motion Sickness - complications; Motion Sickness - etiology; nausea; oleic acid; Principal Component Analysis; Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Radioimmunoassay; radioimmunoassays; Rats; Severity of Illness Index; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents; tyrosine; urea; volunteers; Vomiting; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0031-9384; 1873-507X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.024

Abstract Motion sickness is caused by exposure to unfamiliar motions and typical symptoms of motion sickness include nausea and vomiting. To observe the metabolic and hormonal differences between nausea/vomiting (NAV) subjects and non-nausea/vomiting (NNV) ones, and to understand how the differences in metabolites and hormones affect the tolerance of organism to acceleration, 60 volunteers were exposed to repetitive acceleration using a 6-degree-of-freedom ship motion simulator. Meanwhile, 36 rats were randomly divided into three groups: an acceleration model group (n = 14, exposed to acceleration), insulin group (n = 14, intraperitoneal injection of insulin 30 min before exposure to acceleration), and control group (n = 8). Gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF/MS) was applied to analyze the serum metabolites in human subjects. Serum glucocorticoid, insulin, and glucagon levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in the NAV and NNV subjects as well as in rats, and serum epinephrine level was determined by ELISA. After acceleration exposure, 9 metabolites, including l -histidine, l -ornithine, l -serine, l -tyrosine, pyroglutamic acid, fumaric acid, urea, n-dodecanoic acid and n-tetradecanoic acid, had different changes in the NAV and NNV groups. The serum levels of 4-hydroxy- l -proline, glucose, oleic acid and urea were significantly higher in the NAV group than in the NNV group after exposure; however, only the elevation degree of serum glucose was significantly greater in the NAV group than in the NNV group ( P < 0.05). Serum cortisol and epinephrine were increased in both groups. Before exposure, insulin level in the NAV group was significantly lower than that in the NNV group ( P < 0.05). After rotation exposure, rat serum glucose in the insulin group was significantly lower than that in the acceleration model group ( P < 0.001), and the motion sickness index was significantly lower than that in the acceleration model group ( P < 0.05). Our study provides the first evidence that stable glucose level can help to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms in motion sickness, and suggests that acute hyperglycemia is related to gastrointestinal symptoms in motion sickness.