A new generation of sodium chloride porogen for tissue engineering

Porogen leaching is a widely used and simple technique for the creation of porous scaffolds in tissue engineering. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the most commonly used porogen, but the current grinding and sieving methods generate salt particles with huge size variations and cannot generate porogens in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biotechnology and applied biochemistry 2011-09, Vol.58 (5), p.335-344
Main Authors: Tran, Richard T., Naseri, Elhum, Kolasnikov, Aleksey, Bai, Xiaochun, Yang, Jian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Blood Vessel Prosthesis
Crystallization - instrumentation
elastomer
Equipment Design
microelectromechanical systems
Polyesters - chemical synthesis
Polyesters - chemistry
porogen
Porosity
scaffold
Sodium Chloride - chemistry
Tissue Engineering
Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry
Urethane - chemical synthesis
Urethane - chemistry
vascular graft
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Summary:Porogen leaching is a widely used and simple technique for the creation of porous scaffolds in tissue engineering. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the most commonly used porogen, but the current grinding and sieving methods generate salt particles with huge size variations and cannot generate porogens in the submicron size range. We have developed a facile method based on the principles of crystallization to precisely control salt crystal sizes down to a few microns within a narrow size distribution. The resulting NaCl crystal size could be controlled through the solution concentration, crystallization temperature, and crystallization time. A reduction in solution temperature, longer crystallization times, and an increase in salt concentration resulted in an increase in NaCl crystal sizes due to the lowered solubility of the salt solution. The nucleation and crystallization technique provides superior control over the resulting NaCl size distribution (13.78 ± 1.18 μm), whereas the traditional grinding and sieving methods produced NaCl porogens 13.89 ± 12.49 μm in size. The resulting NaCl porogens were used to fabricate scaffolds with increased interconnectivity, porous microchanneled scaffolds, and multiphasic vascular grafts. This new generation of salt porogen provides great freedom in designing versatile scaffolds for various tissue‐engineering applications.
ISSN:0885-4513
1470-8744
DOI:10.1002/bab.44