Prevalence of genital Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Gardnerella , and human papillomavirus in Japanese men with urethritis, and risk factors for detection of urethral human papillomavirus infection

• Published in: Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 2011-08, Vol.17 (4), p.487-492
• Main Authors: Shigehara, Kazuyoshi, Kawaguchi, Shohei, Maeda, Yuji, Konaka, Hiroyuki, Mizokami, Atsushi, Koh, Eitetsu, Namiki, Mikio, Sasagawa, Toshiyuki, Furubayashi, Keiichi, Shimamura, Masayoshi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Chlamydia trachomatis; Chlamydia trachomatis - isolation & purification; Gardnerella; Gardnerella vaginalis; Gardnerella vaginalis - isolation & purification; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - epidemiology; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - virology; Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine; Human papillomavirus; Humans; Infectious Diseases; Japan - epidemiology; Male; Medical Microbiology; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma genitalium - isolation & purification; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma hominis - isolation & purification; Mycoplasma Infections - epidemiology; Mycoplasma Infections - microbiology; Mycoplasma Infections - virology; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Neisseria gonorrhoeae - isolation & purification; Original Article; Papillomaviridae - isolation & purification; Papillomavirus Infections - epidemiology; Papillomavirus Infections - microbiology; Papillomavirus Infections - virology; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma - isolation & purification; Ureaplasma Infections - epidemiology; Ureaplasma Infections - microbiology; Ureaplasma Infections - virology; Ureaplasma parvum; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Urethritis; Urethritis - epidemiology; Urethritis - microbiology; Urethritis - virology; Virology
• ISSN: 1341-321X; 1437-7780
• DOI: 10.1007/s10156-010-0203-0

Abstract To analyze the risk factors for HPV infection in the urethra, we examined the prevalence of various microorganisms, for example Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Chlamydia trachomatis , Mycoplasma genitalium , Mycoplasma hominis , Ureaplasma urealyticum , Ureaplasma parvum , Gardnerella vaginalis , and human papillomavirus (HPV) in Japanese male patients with urethritis, and investigated their sexual backgrounds. Rubbed samples obtained from the distal urethra and questionnaires regarding sexual activity and demographic information were collected from 176 participants. N. gonorrhoeae , C. trachomatis, M. genitalium , M. hominis , U. urealyticum , U. parvum , G. vaginalis , and HPV were detected in 19, 26, 18, 12, 12, 8.5, 14, and 20%, respectively, of all cases in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that more than 4 sexual partners within the last year and presence of N. gonorrhoeae and/or C. trachomatis and/or M. genitalium infections were independent risk factors for urethral HPV infection, with odds ratios of 3.85 (95% CI 1.49–9.94) and 2.41 (95% CI 1.03–5.61), respectively. It is likely that urethral HPV detection is associated with current sexual activity and the presence of N. gonorrhoeae , C. trachomatis , and/or M. genitalium infections.