Loading…

Direct coupling of VCSELs to plastic optical fibers using guide holes patterned in a thick photoresist

We report a simple passive alignment method to couple plastic optical fibers (POFs) to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for use in parallel optical interconnects. Polymer guide holes were fabricated directly on the top of VCSELs by means of standard photolithography using SU-8 epoxy-...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	IEEE photonics technology letters 2002-03, Vol.14 (3), p.263-265
Main Authors:	Ouchi, T., Imada, A., Sato, T., Sakata, H.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Arrays Fiber lasers Joining Lithography Optical coupling Optical fibers Optical interconnections Optical interconnects Photolithography Photoresists Plastics Polymers Resists Standard deviation Surface emitting lasers Vertical cavity surface emission lasers Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
Citations:	Items that this one cites Items that cite this one
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

cited_by	cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c367t-f82fe6145ae4af85046d621429236fd239537d7cbbafa0f7563d2f99ab12d66e3
cites	cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c367t-f82fe6145ae4af85046d621429236fd239537d7cbbafa0f7563d2f99ab12d66e3
container_end_page	265
container_issue	3
container_start_page	263
container_title	IEEE photonics technology letters
container_volume	14
creator	Ouchi, T. Imada, A. Sato, T. Sakata, H.
description	We report a simple passive alignment method to couple plastic optical fibers (POFs) to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for use in parallel optical interconnects. Polymer guide holes were fabricated directly on the top of VCSELs by means of standard photolithography using SU-8 epoxy-based thick photoresist. Perfluorinated graded-index POFs were inserted and fixed in the guide holes to provide butt-coupled packaging modules. For a VCSEL of 15-μm diameter and a POF of 124-μm core diameter, coupling efficiencies were obtained between about 80% and 50%, depending on drive current. The standard deviation of the efficiency at a drive current of 10 mA was 5.9% for a 1 × 5 array.
doi_str_mv	10.1109/68.986780
format	article
fullrecord	<record><control><sourceid>proquest_ieee_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_907966049</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ieee_id>986780</ieee_id><sourcerecordid>28215964</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c367t-f82fe6145ae4af85046d621429236fd239537d7cbbafa0f7563d2f99ab12d66e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0TtPwzAQAOAIgUQpDKxMFgOIocWvOPaISnlIlRh4rJGbnFuXNA62M_DvcRXEwADL3Un36XSny7JTgqeEYHUt5FRJUUi8l42I4mSCScH3U41TTQjLD7OjEDYYE54zPsrMrfVQRVS5vmtsu0LOoLfZ83wRUHSoa3SItkKuS1E3yNgl-ID6sJOr3taA1q6BgDodI_gWamRbpFFc2-oddWsXnYdgQzzODoxuApx853H2ejd_mT1MFk_3j7ObxaRioogTI6kBkVbTwLWROeaiFpRwqigTpqZM5ayoi2q51EZjU-SC1dQopZeE1kIAG2eXw9zOu48eQiy3NlTQNLoF14dS4UIJgblK8uJPSSUluRL8f1gQjGXOEjz_BTeu9206t5SSc854LhO6GlDlXQgeTNl5u9X-syS43H2wFLIcPpjs2WAtAPy47-YXekCVNQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>884443458</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Direct coupling of VCSELs to plastic optical fibers using guide holes patterned in a thick photoresist</title><source>IEEE Xplore (Online service)</source><creator>Ouchi, T. ; Imada, A. ; Sato, T. ; Sakata, H.</creator><creatorcontrib>Ouchi, T. ; Imada, A. ; Sato, T. ; Sakata, H.</creatorcontrib><description>We report a simple passive alignment method to couple plastic optical fibers (POFs) to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for use in parallel optical interconnects. Polymer guide holes were fabricated directly on the top of VCSELs by means of standard photolithography using SU-8 epoxy-based thick photoresist. Perfluorinated graded-index POFs were inserted and fixed in the guide holes to provide butt-coupled packaging modules. For a VCSEL of 15-μm diameter and a POF of 124-μm core diameter, coupling efficiencies were obtained between about 80% and 50%, depending on drive current. The standard deviation of the efficiency at a drive current of 10 mA was 5.9% for a 1 × 5 array.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1041-1135</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1941-0174</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/68.986780</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IPTLEL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Arrays ; Fiber lasers ; Joining ; Lithography ; Optical coupling ; Optical fibers ; Optical interconnections ; Optical interconnects ; Photolithography ; Photoresists ; Plastics ; Polymers ; Resists ; Standard deviation ; Surface emitting lasers ; Vertical cavity surface emission lasers ; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers</subject><ispartof>IEEE photonics technology letters, 2002-03, Vol.14 (3), p.263-265</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2002</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c367t-f82fe6145ae4af85046d621429236fd239537d7cbbafa0f7563d2f99ab12d66e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c367t-f82fe6145ae4af85046d621429236fd239537d7cbbafa0f7563d2f99ab12d66e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/986780$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,54796</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ouchi, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imada, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sakata, H.</creatorcontrib><title>Direct coupling of VCSELs to plastic optical fibers using guide holes patterned in a thick photoresist</title><title>IEEE photonics technology letters</title><addtitle>LPT</addtitle><description>We report a simple passive alignment method to couple plastic optical fibers (POFs) to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for use in parallel optical interconnects. Polymer guide holes were fabricated directly on the top of VCSELs by means of standard photolithography using SU-8 epoxy-based thick photoresist. Perfluorinated graded-index POFs were inserted and fixed in the guide holes to provide butt-coupled packaging modules. For a VCSEL of 15-μm diameter and a POF of 124-μm core diameter, coupling efficiencies were obtained between about 80% and 50%, depending on drive current. The standard deviation of the efficiency at a drive current of 10 mA was 5.9% for a 1 × 5 array.</description><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>Fiber lasers</subject><subject>Joining</subject><subject>Lithography</subject><subject>Optical coupling</subject><subject>Optical fibers</subject><subject>Optical interconnections</subject><subject>Optical interconnects</subject><subject>Photolithography</subject><subject>Photoresists</subject><subject>Plastics</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Resists</subject><subject>Standard deviation</subject><subject>Surface emitting lasers</subject><subject>Vertical cavity surface emission lasers</subject><subject>Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers</subject><issn>1041-1135</issn><issn>1941-0174</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqF0TtPwzAQAOAIgUQpDKxMFgOIocWvOPaISnlIlRh4rJGbnFuXNA62M_DvcRXEwADL3Un36XSny7JTgqeEYHUt5FRJUUi8l42I4mSCScH3U41TTQjLD7OjEDYYE54zPsrMrfVQRVS5vmtsu0LOoLfZ83wRUHSoa3SItkKuS1E3yNgl-ID6sJOr3taA1q6BgDodI_gWamRbpFFc2-oddWsXnYdgQzzODoxuApx853H2ejd_mT1MFk_3j7ObxaRioogTI6kBkVbTwLWROeaiFpRwqigTpqZM5ayoi2q51EZjU-SC1dQopZeE1kIAG2eXw9zOu48eQiy3NlTQNLoF14dS4UIJgblK8uJPSSUluRL8f1gQjGXOEjz_BTeu9206t5SSc854LhO6GlDlXQgeTNl5u9X-syS43H2wFLIcPpjs2WAtAPy47-YXekCVNQ</recordid><startdate>20020301</startdate><enddate>20020301</enddate><creator>Ouchi, T.</creator><creator>Imada, A.</creator><creator>Sato, T.</creator><creator>Sakata, H.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20020301</creationdate><title>Direct coupling of VCSELs to plastic optical fibers using guide holes patterned in a thick photoresist</title><author>Ouchi, T. ; Imada, A. ; Sato, T. ; Sakata, H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c367t-f82fe6145ae4af85046d621429236fd239537d7cbbafa0f7563d2f99ab12d66e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Arrays</topic><topic>Fiber lasers</topic><topic>Joining</topic><topic>Lithography</topic><topic>Optical coupling</topic><topic>Optical fibers</topic><topic>Optical interconnections</topic><topic>Optical interconnects</topic><topic>Photolithography</topic><topic>Photoresists</topic><topic>Plastics</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Resists</topic><topic>Standard deviation</topic><topic>Surface emitting lasers</topic><topic>Vertical cavity surface emission lasers</topic><topic>Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ouchi, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imada, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sakata, H.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library Online</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE photonics technology letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ouchi, T.</au><au>Imada, A.</au><au>Sato, T.</au><au>Sakata, H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Direct coupling of VCSELs to plastic optical fibers using guide holes patterned in a thick photoresist</atitle><jtitle>IEEE photonics technology letters</jtitle><stitle>LPT</stitle><date>2002-03-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>263</spage><epage>265</epage><pages>263-265</pages><issn>1041-1135</issn><eissn>1941-0174</eissn><coden>IPTLEL</coden><abstract>We report a simple passive alignment method to couple plastic optical fibers (POFs) to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for use in parallel optical interconnects. Polymer guide holes were fabricated directly on the top of VCSELs by means of standard photolithography using SU-8 epoxy-based thick photoresist. Perfluorinated graded-index POFs were inserted and fixed in the guide holes to provide butt-coupled packaging modules. For a VCSEL of 15-μm diameter and a POF of 124-μm core diameter, coupling efficiencies were obtained between about 80% and 50%, depending on drive current. The standard deviation of the efficiency at a drive current of 10 mA was 5.9% for a 1 × 5 array.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/68.986780</doi><tpages>3</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext	fulltext
identifier	ISSN: 1041-1135
ispartof	IEEE photonics technology letters, 2002-03, Vol.14 (3), p.263-265
issn	1041-1135 1941-0174
language	eng
recordid	cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_907966049
source	IEEE Xplore (Online service)
subjects	Arrays Fiber lasers Joining Lithography Optical coupling Optical fibers Optical interconnections Optical interconnects Photolithography Photoresists Plastics Polymers Resists Standard deviation Surface emitting lasers Vertical cavity surface emission lasers Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
title	Direct coupling of VCSELs to plastic optical fibers using guide holes patterned in a thick photoresist
url	http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T18%3A33%3A41IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_ieee_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Direct%20coupling%20of%20VCSELs%20to%20plastic%20optical%20fibers%20using%20guide%20holes%20patterned%20in%20a%20thick%20photoresist&rft.jtitle=IEEE%20photonics%20technology%20letters&rft.au=Ouchi,%20T.&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.epage=265&rft.pages=263-265&rft.issn=1041-1135&rft.eissn=1941-0174&rft.coden=IPTLEL&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109/68.986780&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_ieee_%3E28215964%3C/proquest_ieee_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c367t-f82fe6145ae4af85046d621429236fd239537d7cbbafa0f7563d2f99ab12d66e3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=884443458&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_ieee_id=986780&rfr_iscdi=true