Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for total body water assessment against the deuterium dilution technique in Asian children

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition 2011-12, Vol.65 (12), p.1321-1327
• Main Authors: Liu, A, Byrne, N M, Ma, G, Nasreddine, L, Trinidad, T P, Kijboonchoo, K, Ismail, M N, Kagawa, M, Poh, B K, Hills, A P
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 692/700/139/1735; 692/700/1720; Age; Anthropometry - methods; Asia; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Asian people; Asians; Bioelectricity; Biological and medical sciences; Body composition; Body fat; Body Fluid Compartments; Body height; Body Mass Index; Body size; Body Water; Child; Children; Children & youth; Clinical Nutrition; Demographic aspects; Deuterium; Dilution; Electric Impedance; Epidemiology; Ethnic Groups; Ethnicity; Fat-free body mass; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gender; Health aspects; Humans; Impedance; Impedance, Bioelectric; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Internal Medicine; Male; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Medical sciences; Medical tests; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Minority & ethnic groups; Multiple regression analysis; original-article; Physiological aspects; Predictions; Public Health; Reactance; Regression Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Root-mean-square errors; Sex; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Water; Weight
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.122

Background/Objectives: To develop and cross-validate bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) prediction equations of total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) for Asian pre-pubertal children from China, Lebanon, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. Subjects/Methods: Height, weight, age, gender, resistance and reactance measured by BIA were collected from 948 Asian children (492 boys and 456 girls) aged 8–10 years from the five countries. The deuterium dilution technique was used as the criterion method for the estimation of TBW and FFM. The BIA equations were developed using stepwise multiple regression analysis and cross-validated using the Bland–Altman approach. Results: The BIA prediction equation for the estimation of TBW was as follows: TBW=0.231 × height 2 /resistance+0.066 × height+0.188 × weight+0.128 × age+0.500 × sex−0.316 × Thais−4.574 ( R 2 =88.0%, root mean square error (RMSE)=1.3 kg), and for the estimation of FFM was as follows: FFM=0.299 × height 2 /resistance+0.086 × height+0.245 × weight+0.260 × age+0.901 × sex−0.415 × ethnicity (Thai ethnicity =1, others = 0)−6.952 ( R 2 =88.3%, RMSE=1.7 kg). No significant difference between measured and predicted values for the whole cross-validation sample was found. However, the prediction equation for estimation of TBW/FFM tended to overestimate TBW/FFM at lower levels whereas underestimate at higher levels of TBW/FFM. Accuracy of the general equation for TBW and FFM was also valid at each body mass index category. Conclusions: Ethnicity influences the relationship between BIA and body composition in Asian pre-pubertal children. The newly developed BIA prediction equations are valid for use in Asian pre-pubertal children.