Alternative therapies for Helicobacter pylori: probiotics and phytomedicine

• Published in: FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 2011-11, Vol.63 (2), p.153-164
• Main Authors: Vítor, Jorge M.B., Vale, Filipa F.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alternative therapy; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Bacteria; bacteriocin; Bacteriology; Biological and medical sciences; Cell membranes; Complementary Therapies - methods; Disruption; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gastric cancer; Gastritis; Health promotion; Helicobacter Infections - therapy; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter pylori - drug effects; Helicobacter pylori - growth & development; Humans; Immune response; Immune system; Medicinal plants; Microbiology; Microbiota; Miscellaneous; Mode of action; Oral administration; Pathogens; phage therapy; phytomedicine; Phytotherapy; Phytotherapy - methods; Plant extracts; Probiotics; Probiotics - administration & dosage; Side effects; Therapy; Urease
• ISSN: 0928-8244; 1574-695X; 2049-632X
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00865.x

Abstract Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen infecting about 30% of children and 60% of adults worldwide and is responsible for diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Treatment against H. pylori is based on the use of antibiotics, but therapy failure can be higher than 20% and is essentially due to an increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which has led to the search for alternative therapies. In this review, we discuss alternative therapies for H. pylori, mainly phytotherapy and probiotics. Probiotics are live organisms or produced substances that are orally administrated, usually in addition to conventional antibiotic therapy. They may modulate the human microbiota and promote health, prevent antibiotic side effects, stimulate the immune response and directly compete with pathogenic bacteria. Phytomedicine consists of the use of plant extracts as medicines or health-promoting agents, but in most cases the molecular mode of action of the active ingredients of these herbal extracts is unknown. Possible mechanisms include inhibition of H. pylori urease enzyme, disruption of bacterial cell membrane, and modulation of the host immune system. Other alternative therapies are also reviewed.