Isolation of activity and partial characterization of large non-proteinaceous lytic allelochemicals produced by the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense

► We partially purified allelochemical compounds of the HAB species Alexandrium tamarense with lytic activity. ► We characterized the allelochemicals by LC–MS and MALDI-TOF. ► Allelochemicals were found to be large non-proteinaceous and non-polysaccharide compounds in the mass range of 7–15 kDa. Cer...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Harmful algae 2011-11, Vol.11, p.65-72
Main Authors: Ma, Haiyan, Krock, Bernd, Tillmann, Urban, Muck, Alexandr, Wielsch, Natalie, Svatoš, Aleš, Cembella, Allan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alexandrium
Alexandrium tamarense
Algae
Allelochemicals
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Autoecology
Biological and medical sciences
Cell lysis
digestion
fractionation
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
high performance liquid chromatography
Mass spectrometry
matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry
Plant cytology, morphology, systematics, chorology and evolution
Plants and fungi
size exclusion chromatography
solid phase extraction
sugar content
sugars
Thallophyta
Toxic dinoflagellate
toxigenic strains
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Summary:► We partially purified allelochemical compounds of the HAB species Alexandrium tamarense with lytic activity. ► We characterized the allelochemicals by LC–MS and MALDI-TOF. ► Allelochemicals were found to be large non-proteinaceous and non-polysaccharide compounds in the mass range of 7–15 kDa. Certain strains of the toxigenic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense produce potent allelochemicals with lytic activity against a wide variety of marine microorganisms. Our efforts to characterize these allelochemicals from a lytic strain focused on the less polar components because of their higher lytic activity. Fractionation and partial purification after solid phase extraction (SPE) were achieved via alternative chromatographic methods, namely HPLC separation on C8 and HILIC phases. Through MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry we compared the mass differences in SPE, C8 HPLC, and HILIC fractions between a lytic and non-lytic strain of A. tamarense. Several large species with masses between 7 kDa and 15 kDa were found in the HILIC lytic fraction by MALDI-TOF MS. Tryptic digestion and tryptic digestion-coupled size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) suggested that the lytic compounds are large non-proteinaceous molecules (
ISSN:1568-9883
1878-1470
DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2011.07.004