Bioavailability evaluation of naphthalene in soil using persulfate oxidation and ultrasonic extraction method

Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of a soil contaminant readily available for microbial degradation and for naphthalene it could be estimated by conventional exhaustive extraction methods. In this study, a novel method that employed persulfate oxidation in combination with ultrasonic extrac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of environmental biology 2011-05, Vol.32 (3), p.277-282
Main Authors: Hung, Jui-Min, Liu, Hsiang-Chao, Hwu, Ching-Shyung, Chih-Hsing, Lai, Tsao Hung-Yu, Lu, Chih-Jen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioavailability
Biodegradation
Biodegradation, Environmental
Chemical Fractionation - methods
Contaminants
Environmental science
Microbial degradation
Naphthalene
Naphthalenes - metabolism
Organic matter
Oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Soil - chemistry
Soil contamination
Soil organic matter
Soil Pollutants - metabolism
Time Factors
Ultrasonics
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Summary:Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of a soil contaminant readily available for microbial degradation and for naphthalene it could be estimated by conventional exhaustive extraction methods. In this study, a novel method that employed persulfate oxidation in combination with ultrasonic extraction (POUSE) was developed. Three parameters, temperature, duration of persulfate oxidation, and the ratio of persulfate to soil organic matter (2S,082 /SOM; g g-1), were investigated to obtain an optimum operating conditions. Under the condition, naphthalene bioavailability estimated by the POUSE method was verified and compared with other three exhaustive methods i.e. sonicator, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and soxhlet extraction (SE). When the S2,O(8)2-/SOM ratio was controlled at 11.6 g g-1, the optimum operating conditions of the POUSE method were 70 degreesC and 3 hr, for the temperature and duration. Under these conditions, the residual naphthalene concentrations were correlated well with the residual naphthalene concentrations for both the cases of freshly spiked and aged soils. By contrast, the sonicator, SFE, and the SE overestimated the naphthalene bioavailability since these three methods extracted naphthalene much more than that of biodegradation test. These results demonstrated that the POUSE could estimate more precisely the naphthalene bioavailability.
ISSN:0254-8704
2394-0379