Genetic analysis and antigenic characterization of swine origin influenza viruses isolated from humans in the United States, 1990–2010

• Published in: Virology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2012-01, Vol.422 (1), p.151-160
• Main Authors: Shu, Bo, Garten, Rebecca, Emery, Shannon, Balish, Amanda, Cooper, Lynn, Sessions, Wendy, Deyde, Varough, Smith, Catherine, Berman, LaShondra, Klimov, Alexander, Lindstrom, Stephen, Xu, Xiyan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antigens, Viral; Base Sequence; Genetic analysis; Genetic Variation; Genome, Viral; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - immunology; Humans; Infection; Infectious Disease; Influenza; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - classification; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - genetics; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - isolation & purification; Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype - classification; Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype - genetics; Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype - immunology; Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype - isolation & purification; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - classification; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - genetics; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - isolation & purification; Influenza, Human - epidemiology; Influenza, Human - virology; Molecular Epidemiology; Neuraminidase - genetics; Neuraminidase - immunology; Pathogens; Phylogeny; Reassortant Viruses - genetics; Reassortant Viruses - isolation & purification; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Swine influenza; swine influenza virus; Swine origin influenza viruses; Triple reassortants; United States
• ISSN: 0042-6822; 1096-0341
• DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.016

Abstract Swine influenza viruses (SIV) have been recognized as important pathogens for pigs and occasional human infections with swine origin influenza viruses (SOIV) have been reported. Between1990 and 2010, a total of twenty seven human cases of SOIV infections have been identified in the United States. Six viruses isolated from1990 to 1995 were recognized as classical SOIV (cSOIV) A(H1N1). After 1998, twenty-one SOIV recovered from human cases were characterized as triple reassortant (tr_SOIV) inheriting genes from classical swine, avian and human influenza viruses. Of those twenty-one tr_SOIV, thirteen were of A(H1N1), one of A(H1N2), and seven of A(H3N2) subtype. SOIV characterized were antigenically and genetically closely related to the subtypes of influenza viruses circulating in pigs but distinct from contemporary influenza viruses circulating in humans. The diversity of subtypes and genetic lineages in SOIV cases highlights the importance of continued surveillance at the animal–human interface.