Concise Review: Multidimensional Regulation of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell State

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by their unique function to produce all lineages of blood cells throughout life. Such tissue‐specific function of HSC is attributed to their ability to execute self‐renewal and multilineage differentiation. Accumulating evidence indicates that the un...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) Ohio), 2012-01, Vol.30 (1), p.82-88
Main Authors: Oh, Il-Hoan, Humphries, R.Keith
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bone marrow
Bone Marrow Cells - cytology
Bone Marrow Cells - metabolism
Cell Differentiation - genetics
Cell Differentiation - physiology
Epigenesis, Genetic - genetics
Epigenetic
Gene Expression Regulation - genetics
Hematopoietic stem cell
Hematopoietic Stem Cells - cytology
Humans
Intrinsic regulators
Mice
Microenvironment
Stem Cell Niche - genetics
Stem Cell Niche - physiology
Stem cells
Stemness
Transcription Factors - metabolism
Transplants & implants
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Summary:Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by their unique function to produce all lineages of blood cells throughout life. Such tissue‐specific function of HSC is attributed to their ability to execute self‐renewal and multilineage differentiation. Accumulating evidence indicates that the undifferentiated state of HSC is characterized by dynamic maintenance of chromatin structures and epigenetic plasticity. Conversely, quiescence, self‐renewal, and differentiation of HSCs are dictated by complex regulatory mechanisms involving specific transcription factors and microenvironmental crosstalk between stem cells and multiple compartments of niches in bone marrows. Thus, multidimensional regulatory inputs are integrated into two opposing characters of HSCs—maintenance of undifferentiated state analogous to pluripotent stem cells but execution of tissue‐specific hematopoietic functions. Further studies on the interplay of such regulatory forces as “cell fate determinant” will likely shed the light on diverse spectrums of tissue‐specific stem cells. STEM CELLS 2012;30:82–88
ISSN:1066-5099
1549-4918
DOI:10.1002/stem.776