Mortality and cardiovascular morbidity among long-term endurance male cross country skiers followed for 28-30 years

Longevity and reduced mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity compared with the general population are described among former athletes in a few studies only. The aim of the study was to assess the outcomes of mortality and CVD morbidity after 30 years follow‐up in long‐ter...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2011-12, Vol.21 (6), p.e351-e358
Main Authors: Grimsmo, J., Maehlum, S., Moelstad, P., Arnesen, H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerobics
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Athletes (former)
Cardiorespiratory
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis
Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology
Cause of Death
coronary heart disease
Cross country skiing
Death
Electrocardiography
Endurance
Exercise
Heart diseases
Humans
Long term
long-endurance training
long-term follow-up
longevity
Male
Males
Middle Aged
Morbidity
Mortality
Mortality - trends
Norway - epidemiology
Physical Endurance - physiology
Proportional Hazards Models
Registries
risk factors
Skiing
Skiing - physiology
Survival Analysis
Winter sports
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Summary:Longevity and reduced mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity compared with the general population are described among former athletes in a few studies only. The aim of the study was to assess the outcomes of mortality and CVD morbidity after 30 years follow‐up in long‐term cross country skiers. The study was based on three different age groups of 122 long‐term long‐endurance cross country skiers participating in studies in 1976 and 1981. A total of 78/85 skiers completed the 28–30 year follow‐up, while 37 were dead. Causes of deaths through 2006 were ascertained using the National Death Register. Morbidity or mortality data were available in 115 subjects. Total deaths were 31% compared with 40% in the general male population (P=0.04). Exercise electrocardiographic ST‐depression in 1981 was associated with the later appearance of coronary heart disease (HR 2.90; P=0.033). Body mass index and average systolic blood pressure from 1976 to 1981 were predictors of later appearance of CVD (HR 1.23; P=0.034 and HR 1.03; P=0.048, respectively). Long‐term aerobic exercise appears to be associated with reduced all‐cause mortality.
ISSN:0905-7188
1600-0838
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01307.x