Validity of self‐reported height and weight and derived body mass index in middle‐aged and elderly individuals in Australia

Body mass index (BMI) is an important measure of adiposity. While BMI derived from self‐reported data generally agrees well with that derived from measured values, evidence from Australia is limited, particularly for the elderly. We compared self‐reported with measured height and weight in a random...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Australian and New Zealand journal of public health 2011-12, Vol.35 (6), p.557-563
Main Authors: Ng, Suan Peng, Korda, Rosemary, Clements, Mark, Latz, Isabel, Bauman, Adrian, Bambrick, Hilary, Liu, Bette, Rogers, Kris, Herbert, Nicol, Banks, Emily
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
Adipose tissue
Adults
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging
Aging - physiology
Agreements
Anthropometry
Australia
BMI
Body Height
Body Mass Index
Body size
Body Weight
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Data
Exercise
Female
height
Humans
Indexes
Male
Middle age
Middle Aged
New South Wales - epidemiology
Nutrition
Obesity
Obesity - epidemiology
Older people
Overweight
Population studies
Public health
Reproducibility of Results
Self Disclosure
Self image
Self report
Sensitivity and Specificity
Socioeconomic factors
Surveys and Questionnaires - standards
Validity
Weight
Women
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6422-e8a029e2e0dba054934e1c4195bd3a6a12c94264f961acf28b3b8dd35285ee343
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6422-e8a029e2e0dba054934e1c4195bd3a6a12c94264f961acf28b3b8dd35285ee343
container_end_page 563
container_issue 6
container_start_page 557
container_title Australian and New Zealand journal of public health
container_volume 35
creator Ng, Suan Peng
Korda, Rosemary
Clements, Mark
Latz, Isabel
Bauman, Adrian
Bambrick, Hilary
Liu, Bette
Rogers, Kris
Herbert, Nicol
Banks, Emily
description Body mass index (BMI) is an important measure of adiposity. While BMI derived from self‐reported data generally agrees well with that derived from measured values, evidence from Australia is limited, particularly for the elderly. We compared self‐reported with measured height and weight in a random sample of 608 individuals aged ≥45 from the 45 and Up Study, an Australian population‐based cohort study. We assessed degree of agreement and correlation between measures, and calculated sensitivity and specificity to quantify BMI category misclassification. On average, in males and females respectively, height was overestimated by 1.24cm (95% CI: 0.75–1.72) and 0.59cm (0.26–0.92); weight was underestimated by 1.68kg (–1.99– ‐1.36) and 1.02kg (–1.24– ‐0.80); and BMI based on self‐reported measures was underestimated by 0.90kg/m2 (–1.09– ‐0.70) and 0.60 kg/m2 (–0.75– ‐0.45). Underestimation increased with increasing measured BMI. There were strong correlations between self‐reported and measured height, weight and BMI (r=0.95, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively, p
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2011.00742.x
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_916851701</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S1326020023017466</els_id><sourcerecordid>1891866474</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6422-e8a029e2e0dba054934e1c4195bd3a6a12c94264f961acf28b3b8dd35285ee343</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkctu1DAUhiNERUvhFZAlFrBJ6nuSBYtpxbRIVVshLhIby4lPWg-5DHYynazgEXhGngSnKYPEAvDCPvL5_v_o6I8iRHBCwjlaJSQVLJYci4RiQhKMU06T7YPoYNd4GGpGZYwpxvvRY-9XGAeU0UfRPqVEECLZQfT1g66tsf2Iugp5qKsf3747WHeuB4NuwF7f9Ei3Bt3-Lg04uwndojMjarT3yLYGtuFGjTWmhmChrwMwwVAHvB4nxG6sGXQ94Wgx-N6FyfpJtFeFP3h6_x5G75ev352cxeeXp29OFudxKTmlMWQa0xwoYFNoLHjOOJCSk1wUhmmpCS1zTiWvckl0WdGsYEVmDBM0EwCMs8Poxey7dt2XAXyvGutLqGvdQjd4lROZCZJiEsiXfyVJlpNMSp5Ops__QFfd4Nqwh2JYSoypvBudzVTpOu8dVGrtbKPdqAhWU5xqpabU1JSamuJUd3GqbZA-ux8wFA2YnfBXfgF4NQO3tobxv43V4tPVWaiCPp711vew3em1-6xkylKhPl6cqoxdCLpcUvU28MczDyGrjQWnfGmhLcFYB2WvTGf_vdVPbzTTzA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3066002634</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Validity of self‐reported height and weight and derived body mass index in middle‐aged and elderly individuals in Australia</title><source>PAIS Index</source><source>Wiley Online Library All Journals</source><creator>Ng, Suan Peng ; Korda, Rosemary ; Clements, Mark ; Latz, Isabel ; Bauman, Adrian ; Bambrick, Hilary ; Liu, Bette ; Rogers, Kris ; Herbert, Nicol ; Banks, Emily</creator><creatorcontrib>Ng, Suan Peng ; Korda, Rosemary ; Clements, Mark ; Latz, Isabel ; Bauman, Adrian ; Bambrick, Hilary ; Liu, Bette ; Rogers, Kris ; Herbert, Nicol ; Banks, Emily</creatorcontrib><description>Body mass index (BMI) is an important measure of adiposity. While BMI derived from self‐reported data generally agrees well with that derived from measured values, evidence from Australia is limited, particularly for the elderly. We compared self‐reported with measured height and weight in a random sample of 608 individuals aged ≥45 from the 45 and Up Study, an Australian population‐based cohort study. We assessed degree of agreement and correlation between measures, and calculated sensitivity and specificity to quantify BMI category misclassification. On average, in males and females respectively, height was overestimated by 1.24cm (95% CI: 0.75–1.72) and 0.59cm (0.26–0.92); weight was underestimated by 1.68kg (–1.99– ‐1.36) and 1.02kg (–1.24– ‐0.80); and BMI based on self‐reported measures was underestimated by 0.90kg/m2 (–1.09– ‐0.70) and 0.60 kg/m2 (–0.75– ‐0.45). Underestimation increased with increasing measured BMI. There were strong correlations between self‐reported and measured height, weight and BMI (r=0.95, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively, p&lt;0.001). While there was excellent agreement between BMI categories from self‐reported and measured data (kappa=0.80), obesity prevalence was underestimated. Findings did not differ substantially between middle‐aged and elderly participants. Self‐reported data on height and weight quantify body size appropriately in middle‐aged and elderly individuals for relative measures, such as quantiles of BMI. However, caution is necessary when reporting on absolute BMI and standard BMI categories, based on self‐reported data, particularly since use of such data is likely to result in underestimation of the prevalence of obesity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1326-0200</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1753-6405</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2011.00742.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22151163</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Adipose tissue ; Adults ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Aging - physiology ; Agreements ; Anthropometry ; Australia ; BMI ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body size ; Body Weight ; Cohort analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Data ; Exercise ; Female ; height ; Humans ; Indexes ; Male ; Middle age ; Middle Aged ; New South Wales - epidemiology ; Nutrition ; Obesity ; Obesity - epidemiology ; Older people ; Overweight ; Population studies ; Public health ; Reproducibility of Results ; Self Disclosure ; Self image ; Self report ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Socioeconomic factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires - standards ; Validity ; Weight ; Women</subject><ispartof>Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 2011-12, Vol.35 (6), p.557-563</ispartof><rights>2011 Copyright 2011 THE AUTHORS.</rights><rights>2011 The Authors. ANZJPH © 2011 Public Health Association of Australia</rights><rights>2011 The Authors. ANZJPH © 2011 Public Health Association of Australia.</rights><rights>2011. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6422-e8a029e2e0dba054934e1c4195bd3a6a12c94264f961acf28b3b8dd35285ee343</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6422-e8a029e2e0dba054934e1c4195bd3a6a12c94264f961acf28b3b8dd35285ee343</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1753-6405.2011.00742.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1753-6405.2011.00742.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27866,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22151163$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ng, Suan Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korda, Rosemary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clements, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latz, Isabel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bauman, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bambrick, Hilary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Bette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, Kris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herbert, Nicol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Banks, Emily</creatorcontrib><title>Validity of self‐reported height and weight and derived body mass index in middle‐aged and elderly individuals in Australia</title><title>Australian and New Zealand journal of public health</title><addtitle>Aust N Z J Public Health</addtitle><description>Body mass index (BMI) is an important measure of adiposity. While BMI derived from self‐reported data generally agrees well with that derived from measured values, evidence from Australia is limited, particularly for the elderly. We compared self‐reported with measured height and weight in a random sample of 608 individuals aged ≥45 from the 45 and Up Study, an Australian population‐based cohort study. We assessed degree of agreement and correlation between measures, and calculated sensitivity and specificity to quantify BMI category misclassification. On average, in males and females respectively, height was overestimated by 1.24cm (95% CI: 0.75–1.72) and 0.59cm (0.26–0.92); weight was underestimated by 1.68kg (–1.99– ‐1.36) and 1.02kg (–1.24– ‐0.80); and BMI based on self‐reported measures was underestimated by 0.90kg/m2 (–1.09– ‐0.70) and 0.60 kg/m2 (–0.75– ‐0.45). Underestimation increased with increasing measured BMI. There were strong correlations between self‐reported and measured height, weight and BMI (r=0.95, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively, p&lt;0.001). While there was excellent agreement between BMI categories from self‐reported and measured data (kappa=0.80), obesity prevalence was underestimated. Findings did not differ substantially between middle‐aged and elderly participants. Self‐reported data on height and weight quantify body size appropriately in middle‐aged and elderly individuals for relative measures, such as quantiles of BMI. However, caution is necessary when reporting on absolute BMI and standard BMI categories, based on self‐reported data, particularly since use of such data is likely to result in underestimation of the prevalence of obesity.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Adipose tissue</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Aging - physiology</subject><subject>Agreements</subject><subject>Anthropometry</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>BMI</subject><subject>Body Height</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Data</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>height</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Indexes</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle age</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>New South Wales - epidemiology</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - epidemiology</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Self Disclosure</subject><subject>Self image</subject><subject>Self report</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires - standards</subject><subject>Validity</subject><subject>Weight</subject><subject>Women</subject><issn>1326-0200</issn><issn>1753-6405</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkctu1DAUhiNERUvhFZAlFrBJ6nuSBYtpxbRIVVshLhIby4lPWg-5DHYynazgEXhGngSnKYPEAvDCPvL5_v_o6I8iRHBCwjlaJSQVLJYci4RiQhKMU06T7YPoYNd4GGpGZYwpxvvRY-9XGAeU0UfRPqVEECLZQfT1g66tsf2Iugp5qKsf3747WHeuB4NuwF7f9Ei3Bt3-Lg04uwndojMjarT3yLYGtuFGjTWmhmChrwMwwVAHvB4nxG6sGXQ94Wgx-N6FyfpJtFeFP3h6_x5G75ev352cxeeXp29OFudxKTmlMWQa0xwoYFNoLHjOOJCSk1wUhmmpCS1zTiWvckl0WdGsYEVmDBM0EwCMs8Poxey7dt2XAXyvGutLqGvdQjd4lROZCZJiEsiXfyVJlpNMSp5Ops__QFfd4Nqwh2JYSoypvBudzVTpOu8dVGrtbKPdqAhWU5xqpabU1JSamuJUd3GqbZA-ux8wFA2YnfBXfgF4NQO3tobxv43V4tPVWaiCPp711vew3em1-6xkylKhPl6cqoxdCLpcUvU28MczDyGrjQWnfGmhLcFYB2WvTGf_vdVPbzTTzA</recordid><startdate>201112</startdate><enddate>201112</enddate><creator>Ng, Suan Peng</creator><creator>Korda, Rosemary</creator><creator>Clements, Mark</creator><creator>Latz, Isabel</creator><creator>Bauman, Adrian</creator><creator>Bambrick, Hilary</creator><creator>Liu, Bette</creator><creator>Rogers, Kris</creator><creator>Herbert, Nicol</creator><creator>Banks, Emily</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TQ</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>DHY</scope><scope>DON</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201112</creationdate><title>Validity of self‐reported height and weight and derived body mass index in middle‐aged and elderly individuals in Australia</title><author>Ng, Suan Peng ; Korda, Rosemary ; Clements, Mark ; Latz, Isabel ; Bauman, Adrian ; Bambrick, Hilary ; Liu, Bette ; Rogers, Kris ; Herbert, Nicol ; Banks, Emily</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6422-e8a029e2e0dba054934e1c4195bd3a6a12c94264f961acf28b3b8dd35285ee343</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Adipose tissue</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Aging - physiology</topic><topic>Agreements</topic><topic>Anthropometry</topic><topic>Australia</topic><topic>BMI</topic><topic>Body Height</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Data</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>height</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Indexes</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle age</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>New South Wales - epidemiology</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Obesity - epidemiology</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Overweight</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Self Disclosure</topic><topic>Self image</topic><topic>Self report</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Socioeconomic factors</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires - standards</topic><topic>Validity</topic><topic>Weight</topic><topic>Women</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ng, Suan Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korda, Rosemary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clements, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latz, Isabel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bauman, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bambrick, Hilary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Bette</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, Kris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herbert, Nicol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Banks, Emily</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>PAIS Index</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>PAIS International</collection><collection>PAIS International (Ovid)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Australian and New Zealand journal of public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ng, Suan Peng</au><au>Korda, Rosemary</au><au>Clements, Mark</au><au>Latz, Isabel</au><au>Bauman, Adrian</au><au>Bambrick, Hilary</au><au>Liu, Bette</au><au>Rogers, Kris</au><au>Herbert, Nicol</au><au>Banks, Emily</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Validity of self‐reported height and weight and derived body mass index in middle‐aged and elderly individuals in Australia</atitle><jtitle>Australian and New Zealand journal of public health</jtitle><addtitle>Aust N Z J Public Health</addtitle><date>2011-12</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>557</spage><epage>563</epage><pages>557-563</pages><issn>1326-0200</issn><eissn>1753-6405</eissn><abstract>Body mass index (BMI) is an important measure of adiposity. While BMI derived from self‐reported data generally agrees well with that derived from measured values, evidence from Australia is limited, particularly for the elderly. We compared self‐reported with measured height and weight in a random sample of 608 individuals aged ≥45 from the 45 and Up Study, an Australian population‐based cohort study. We assessed degree of agreement and correlation between measures, and calculated sensitivity and specificity to quantify BMI category misclassification. On average, in males and females respectively, height was overestimated by 1.24cm (95% CI: 0.75–1.72) and 0.59cm (0.26–0.92); weight was underestimated by 1.68kg (–1.99– ‐1.36) and 1.02kg (–1.24– ‐0.80); and BMI based on self‐reported measures was underestimated by 0.90kg/m2 (–1.09– ‐0.70) and 0.60 kg/m2 (–0.75– ‐0.45). Underestimation increased with increasing measured BMI. There were strong correlations between self‐reported and measured height, weight and BMI (r=0.95, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively, p&lt;0.001). While there was excellent agreement between BMI categories from self‐reported and measured data (kappa=0.80), obesity prevalence was underestimated. Findings did not differ substantially between middle‐aged and elderly participants. Self‐reported data on height and weight quantify body size appropriately in middle‐aged and elderly individuals for relative measures, such as quantiles of BMI. However, caution is necessary when reporting on absolute BMI and standard BMI categories, based on self‐reported data, particularly since use of such data is likely to result in underestimation of the prevalence of obesity.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>22151163</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1753-6405.2011.00742.x</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1326-0200
ispartof Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 2011-12, Vol.35 (6), p.557-563
issn 1326-0200
1753-6405
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_916851701
source PAIS Index; Wiley Online Library All Journals
subjects Accuracy
Adipose tissue
Adults
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging
Aging - physiology
Agreements
Anthropometry
Australia
BMI
Body Height
Body Mass Index
Body size
Body Weight
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Data
Exercise
Female
height
Humans
Indexes
Male
Middle age
Middle Aged
New South Wales - epidemiology
Nutrition
Obesity
Obesity - epidemiology
Older people
Overweight
Population studies
Public health
Reproducibility of Results
Self Disclosure
Self image
Self report
Sensitivity and Specificity
Socioeconomic factors
Surveys and Questionnaires - standards
Validity
Weight
Women
title Validity of self‐reported height and weight and derived body mass index in middle‐aged and elderly individuals in Australia
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-08T02%3A01%3A34IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Validity%20of%20self%E2%80%90reported%20height%20and%20weight%20and%20derived%20body%20mass%20index%20in%20middle%E2%80%90aged%20and%20elderly%20individuals%20in%20Australia&rft.jtitle=Australian%20and%20New%20Zealand%20journal%20of%20public%20health&rft.au=Ng,%20Suan%20Peng&rft.date=2011-12&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=557&rft.epage=563&rft.pages=557-563&rft.issn=1326-0200&rft.eissn=1753-6405&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2011.00742.x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1891866474%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6422-e8a029e2e0dba054934e1c4195bd3a6a12c94264f961acf28b3b8dd35285ee343%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=3066002634&rft_id=info:pmid/22151163&rfr_iscdi=true