Oncologic applications of diffusion-weighted MRI in the body

Diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) allows the detection of malignancies in the abdomen and pelvis. Lesion detection and characterization using DWI largely depends on the increased cellularity of solid or cystic lesions compared with the surrounding tissue. This increased cellularity leads results in restr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of magnetic resonance imaging 2012-02, Vol.35 (2), p.257-279
Main Authors: Bonekamp, Susanne, Corona-Villalobos, Celia P., Kamel, Ihab R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biomarker
cancer
cancer detection
Contrast Media
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
diffusion-weighted MRI
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - therapy
treatment monitoring
Whole Body Imaging
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Summary:Diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) allows the detection of malignancies in the abdomen and pelvis. Lesion detection and characterization using DWI largely depends on the increased cellularity of solid or cystic lesions compared with the surrounding tissue. This increased cellularity leads results in restricted diffusion as indicated by reduction in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Low pretreatment ADC values of several malignancies have been shown to be predictive of better outcome. DWI can assess response to systemic or regional treatment of cancer at a cellular level and will therefore detect successful treatment earlier than anatomical measures. In this review, we provide a brief technical overview of DWI, discuss quantitative image analysis approaches, and review studies which have used DWI for the purpose of detection and characterization of malignancies as well as the early prediction of treatment response. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;257–279. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ISSN:1053-1807
1522-2586
DOI:10.1002/jmri.22786