Phenology and population dynamics of sand flies in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Azarbaijan Province, North western of Iran

• Published in: Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine 2011-08, Vol.4 (8), p.610-613
• Main Authors: Hazratian, T, Rassi, Y, Oshaghi, MA, Yaghoobi-Ershadi, M R, Fallah, E, Shirzadi, M R, Rafizadeh, S, Prabhu, K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anopheles stephensi; Saccharopolyspora spinosa
• ISSN: 1995-7645
• DOI: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60157-0

Objective: To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of spinosad against Anopheles stephensi Listen. Methods: Spinosad from the actinomycete, Saccharopolyspora spinosa was tested against Anopheles stephensi at different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 ppm.), and against first to fourth instar larvae and pupae. Results: The larval mortality ranged from 36.1 plus or minus 1.7 in (0.01 ppm) to 79.3 plus or minus 1.8 (0.08 ppm) the first instar larva. The LC sub(50) and LC sub(90) values of first, second, third and fourth instar larva were 0.001, 0.031, 0.034, 0.036 and 0.0113, 0.102, 0.111, 0.113, respectively. The pupal mortality ranged from 33.0 plus or minus 2.0 (0.01 ppm) to 80.0 plus or minus 0.9 (0.08 ppm). The LC sub(50) and LC sub(90)values were 0.028 and 0.1020, respectively. The reduction percentage of Anopheles larvae was 82.7%, 91.4% and 96.0% after 24, 48, 72 hours, respectively, while more than 80% reduction was observed after 3 weeks. Conclusions: In the present study spinosad effectively caused mortality of mosquito larvae in both the laboratory and field trial. It is predicted that spinosad is likely to be an effective larvicide for treatment of mosquito breeding sites.