Printability of calcium phosphate powders for three-dimensional printing of tissue engineering scaffolds

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a versatile method to produce scaffolds for tissue engineering. In 3DP the solid is created by the reaction of a liquid selectively sprayed onto a powder bed. Despite the importance of the powder properties, there has to date been a relatively poor understanding o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta biomaterialia 2012-01, Vol.8 (1), p.373-385
Main Authors: Butscher, Andre, Bohner, Marc, Roth, Christian, Ernstberger, Annika, Heuberger, Roman, Doebelin, Nicola, Rudolf von Rohr, Philipp, Müller, Ralph
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Calcium phosphate
Calcium phosphates (CaP)
Calcium Phosphates - chemistry
Humans
Liquids
Particle Size
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Powder flowability
Powder wettability
Powders - chemistry
Printing
Scaffolds
Strategy
Surface Properties
Three dimensional printing
Three-dimensional printing (3DP)
Tissue engineering
Tissue Engineering - methods
Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry
Wettability
X-Ray Diffraction
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Summary:Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a versatile method to produce scaffolds for tissue engineering. In 3DP the solid is created by the reaction of a liquid selectively sprayed onto a powder bed. Despite the importance of the powder properties, there has to date been a relatively poor understanding of the relation between the powder properties and the printing outcome. This article aims at improving this understanding by looking at the link between key powder parameters (particle size, flowability, roughness, wettability) and printing accuracy. These powder parameters are determined as key factors with a predictive value for the final 3DP outcome. Promising results can be expected for mean particle size in the range of 20–35μm, compaction rate in the range of 1.3–1.4, flowability in the range of 5–7 and powder bed surface roughness of 10–25μm. Finally, possible steps and strategies in pushing the physical limits concerning improved quality in 3DP are addressed and discussed.
ISSN:1742-7061
1878-7568
DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.027