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Underwater radiated noise from modern commercial ships
Underwater radiated noise measurements for seven types of modern commercial ships during normal operating conditions are presented. Calibrated acoustic data (
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Published in: | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2012, Vol.131 (1), p.92-103 |
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container_title | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
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creator | McKenna, Megan F. Ross, Donald Wiggins, Sean M. Hildebrand, John A. |
description | Underwater radiated noise measurements for seven types of modern commercial ships during normal operating conditions are presented. Calibrated acoustic data ( |
doi_str_mv | 10.1121/1.3664100 |
format | article |
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Calibrated acoustic data (<1000Hz) from an autonomous seafloor-mounted acoustic recorder were combined with ship passage information from the Automatic Identification System. This approach allowed for detailed measurements (i.e., source level, sound exposure level, and transmission range) on ships of opportunity. A key result was different acoustic levels and spectral shapes observed from different ship-types. A 54 kGT container ship had the highest broadband source level at 188 dB re 1μPa@1m; a 26 kGT chemical tanker had the lowest at 177 dB re 1μPa@1m. Bulk carriers had higher source levels near 100 Hz, while container ship and tanker noise was predominantly below 40 Hz. Simple models to predict source levels of modern merchant ships as a group from particular ship characteristics (e.g., length, gross tonnage, and speed) were not possible given individual ship-type differences. Furthermore, ship noise was observed to radiate asymmetrically. 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Calibrated acoustic data (<1000Hz) from an autonomous seafloor-mounted acoustic recorder were combined with ship passage information from the Automatic Identification System. This approach allowed for detailed measurements (i.e., source level, sound exposure level, and transmission range) on ships of opportunity. A key result was different acoustic levels and spectral shapes observed from different ship-types. A 54 kGT container ship had the highest broadband source level at 188 dB re 1μPa@1m; a 26 kGT chemical tanker had the lowest at 177 dB re 1μPa@1m. Bulk carriers had higher source levels near 100 Hz, while container ship and tanker noise was predominantly below 40 Hz. Simple models to predict source levels of modern merchant ships as a group from particular ship characteristics (e.g., length, gross tonnage, and speed) were not possible given individual ship-type differences. Furthermore, ship noise was observed to radiate asymmetrically. 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subjects | Acoustics Exact sciences and technology Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Physics Structural acoustics and vibration |
title | Underwater radiated noise from modern commercial ships |
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