Interactions between metabolism and circadian clocks: reciprocal disturbances

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat, recognized as a global epidemic. Besides genetic factors, overconsumption of high‐energy food and a sedentary lifestyle are major obesogenic causes. A newly identified determinant is altered circadian rhythmicity. To anticipate and adapt to daily ch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2011-12, Vol.1243 (1), p.30-46
Main Authors: Delezie, Julien, Challet, Etienne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological clocks
Chronobiology Disorders - complications
Chronobiology Disorders - genetics
Chronobiology Disorders - metabolism
Circadian Clocks - genetics
Circadian Clocks - physiology
Circadian rhythm
clock gene
Clocks
Diabetes Complications - metabolism
Disturbances
feeding
Humans
Hypothalamus
Medical
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Metabolism
Models, Biological
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - genetics
Obesity - metabolism
Pancreas
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear - metabolism
Recognition
Risk
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Summary:Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat, recognized as a global epidemic. Besides genetic factors, overconsumption of high‐energy food and a sedentary lifestyle are major obesogenic causes. A newly identified determinant is altered circadian rhythmicity. To anticipate and adapt to daily changes in the environment, organisms have developed an endogenous circadian timing system, comprising a main circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, principally synchronized to the light–dark cycle. Secondary peripheral clocks are found in various tissues, such as the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue. These clocks control the rhythmic patterns of myriad metabolic processes. We will review the evidence that metabolic dysfunction is associated with circadian disturbances at both central and peripheral levels and, conversely, that disruption of circadian clock functioning can lead to obesity. The roots of these reciprocal interactions will be illustrated by transcriptional crosstalk between metabolic and circadian systems. Chronotherapeutic approaches of dieting to maintain or restore a proper circadian alignment could be useful to limit the magnitude of metabolic risks.
ISSN:0077-8923
1749-6632
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06246.x