Improved outcomes associated with higher surgery rates for older patients with early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer

• Published in: Cancer 2012-03, Vol.118 (5), p.1404-1411
• Main Authors: Gray, Stacy W., Landrum, Mary Beth, Lamont, Elizabeth B., McNeil, Barbara J., Jaklitsch, Michael T., Keating, Nancy L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age Factors; Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - epidemiology; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - pathology; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - surgery; comorbidity; Female; geriatric oncology; Humans; Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology; Lung Neoplasms - pathology; Lung Neoplasms - surgery; Male; Medical sciences; Neoplasm Staging; nonsmall cell lung cancer; Pneumology; Pulmonary Surgical Procedures - statistics & numerical data; Pulmonary Surgical Procedures - utilization; SEER Program; surgery; survival; Treatment Outcome; Tumors; Tumors of the respiratory system and mediastinum; United States
• ISSN: 0008-543X; 1097-0142
• DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26363

BACKGROUND: Although surgery offers the greatest chance of a cure for patients with early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), older and sicker patients often fail to undergo resection. The benefits of surgery in older patients and patients with multiple comorbidities are uncertain. METHODS: The authors identified a national cohort of 17,638 Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥66 years living in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) areas who were diagnosed with stage I or II NSCLC during 2001 to 2005. Areas with high and low rates of curative surgery for early stage lung cancer were compared to estimate the effectiveness of surgery in older and sicker patients. Logistic regression models were used to assess mortality according to the quintile of area‐level surgery rates, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Less than 63% of patients underwent surgery in low‐surgery areas, whereas >79% underwent surgery in high‐surgery areas. High‐surgery areas operated on more patients of advanced age and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than low‐surgery areas. The adjusted all‐cause 1 year mortality was 18% in high‐surgery areas versus 22.8% in low‐surgery areas (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86‐0.93) for each 10% increase in the surgery rate).The 1‐year lung‐cancer‐specific mortality similarly was lower in high‐surgery areas (12%) versus low‐surgery areas (16.9%; adjusted OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82‐0.91) for each 10% increase in the surgery rate. CONCLUSIONS: Higher rates of surgery for stage I/II NSCLC were associated with improved survival, even when older patients and sicker patients underwent resection. The authors concluded that more work is needed to identify and reduce barriers to surgery for early stage NSCLC. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society. Uncertainty exists about the benefits versus the risks of surgery for early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer in older patients. The authors of this report used a geographic analysis to address bias and observed that higher rates of surgery for stage I/II nonsmall cell lung cancer were associated with improved survival, even when older patients and sicker patients underwent resection.