Exploiting microRNAs for cell engineering and therapy

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) form a large class of non-coding RNAs that function in repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. By recognizing short stretches of nucleotides within the untranslated regions of mRNAs, miRNAs recruit partner proteins to individual transcripts, leading to mRNA cleavage or hinder...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biotechnology advances 2012-05, Vol.30 (3), p.753-765
Main Authors: Bratkovič, Tomaž, Glavan, Gordana, Štrukelj, Borut, Živin, Marko, Rogelj, Boris
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biogenesis
bioinformatics
Biological and medical sciences
Biotechnology
Cell Differentiation - genetics
Cell engineering
Cell Engineering - methods
Cell Proliferation
eukaryotic cells
Function
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
genes
Humans
messenger RNA
MicroRNA
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
MicroRNAs - therapeutic use
Molecular Targeted Therapy
non-coding RNA
nucleotides
prediction
proteins
Proteins - genetics
Proteins - metabolism
Recombinant Proteins - genetics
therapeutics
Therapy
Transgenes
translation (genetics)
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Summary:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) form a large class of non-coding RNAs that function in repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. By recognizing short stretches of nucleotides within the untranslated regions of mRNAs, miRNAs recruit partner proteins to individual transcripts, leading to mRNA cleavage or hindering of translation. Bioinformatic predictions and a wealth of data from wet laboratory studies indicate that miRNAs control expression of a large proportion of protein-coding genes, implying involvement of miRNAs in regulation of most biologic processes. In this review we discuss the biology of miRNAs and present examples of how manipulation of miRNA expression or activity can be exploited to attain the desired phenotypic traits in cell engineering as well as achieve therapeutic outcomes in treatment of a diverse set of diseases.
ISSN:0734-9750
1873-1899
DOI:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.006