Structural MRI changes detectable up to ten years before clinical Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Structural brain changes have been described in both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, less is known about whether structural changes are detectable earlier, in the asymptomatic phase. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and shape analyses of magnet...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neurobiology of aging 2012-04, Vol.33 (4), p.825.e25-825.e36
Main Authors: Tondelli, Manuela, Wilcock, Gordon K, Nichelli, Paolo, De Jager, Celeste A, Jenkinson, Mark, Zamboni, Giovanna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis
Alzheimer's disease (AD)
Analysis of Variance
Brain - pathology
Brain Mapping
Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis
Disease Progression
Female
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Internal Medicine
Longitudinal Studies
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Male
Mental Status Schedule
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Neurology
Neuropsychological Tests
Preclinical AD
Statistics as Topic
Structural MRI
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM)
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Summary:Abstract Structural brain changes have been described in both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, less is known about whether structural changes are detectable earlier, in the asymptomatic phase. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and shape analyses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, we investigated structural brain differences between groups of healthy subjects, stratified by subsequent diagnoses of MCI or AD during a 10-year follow-up. Images taken at baseline, at least 4 years before any cognitive symptoms, showed that subjects with future cognitive impairment (preclinical AD and MCI) had reduced brain volume in medial temporal lobes, posterior cingulate/precuneus, and orbitofrontal cortex, compared with matched subjects who remained cognitively healthy for 10 years (HC). For only those subjects later diagnosed as AD, significantly greater atrophy at baseline was detected in the right medial temporal lobe, which was also confirmed by shape analysis of the right hippocampus in these subjects. Our results demonstrate that structural brain changes occur years before clinical cognitive decline in AD and are localized to regions affected by AD neuropathology.
ISSN:0197-4580
1558-1497
DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.05.018