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Characterization of marine isoprene-degrading communities

Isoprene is a volatile and climate-altering hydrocarbon with an atmospheric concentration similar to that of methane. It is well established that marine algae produce isoprene; however, until now there was no specific information about marine isoprene sinks. Here we demonstrate isoprene consumption...

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Published in:Environmental microbiology 2009-12, Vol.11 (12), p.3280-3291
Main Authors: Alvarez, Laura Acuña, Exton, Daniel A, Timmis, Kenneth N, Suggett, David J, McGenity, Terry J
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creator Alvarez, Laura Acuña
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description Isoprene is a volatile and climate-altering hydrocarbon with an atmospheric concentration similar to that of methane. It is well established that marine algae produce isoprene; however, until now there was no specific information about marine isoprene sinks. Here we demonstrate isoprene consumption in samples from temperate and tropical marine and coastal environments, and furthermore show that the most rapid degradation of isoprene coincides with the highest rates of isoprene production in estuarine sediments. Isoprene-degrading enrichment cultures, analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and by culturing, were generally dominated by Actinobacteria, but included other groups such as Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, previously not known to degrade isoprene. In contrast to specialist methane-oxidizing bacteria, cultivated isoprene degraders were nutritionally versatile, and nearly all of them were able to use n-alkanes as a source of carbon and energy. We therefore tested and showed that the ubiquitous marine hydrocarbon-degrader, Alcanivorax borkumensis, could also degrade isoprene. A mixture of the isolates consumed isoprene emitted from algal cultures, confirming that isoprene can be metabolized at low, environmentally relevant concentrations, and suggesting that, in the absence of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons, algal production of isoprene could maintain viable populations of hydrocarbon-degrading microbes. This discovery of a missing marine sink for isoprene is the first step in obtaining more robust predictions of its flux, and suggests that algal-derived isoprene provides an additional source of carbon for diverse microbes in the oceans.
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subjects Actinobacteria
Actinobacteria - genetics
Actinobacteria - isolation & purification
Actinobacteria - metabolism
Alcanivoraceae - metabolism
Alcanivorax
Alphaproteobacteria - genetics
Alphaproteobacteria - isolation & purification
Alphaproteobacteria - metabolism
Bacteroidetes - genetics
Bacteroidetes - isolation & purification
Bacteroidetes - metabolism
Base Sequence
Brackish
Butadienes - metabolism
Hemiterpenes - metabolism
Marine
Molecular Sequence Data
Pentanes - metabolism
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - analysis
Seawater - chemistry
Seawater - microbiology
Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism
title Characterization of marine isoprene-degrading communities
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