MicroRNAs: Novel Regulators of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Demyelination-Related Diseases

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that consist of about 22 nucleotides and play critical roles in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. In recent years, some specific miRNA, such as miR-219,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular neurobiology 2012-02, Vol.45 (1), p.200-212
Main Authors: Li, Jia-Su, Yao, Zhong-Xiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apoptosis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Cell Differentiation - genetics
Cell proliferation
Demyelinating Diseases - genetics
Demyelinating Diseases - metabolism
Demyelinating Diseases - therapy
Differentiation
Drug development
Gene expression
Genetic Therapy - methods
Genetic Therapy - trends
Humans
Ischemia
Leukodystrophy
MicroRNAs - metabolism
MicroRNAs - physiology
miRNA
Molecular biology
mRNA
Multiple sclerosis
Myelin
Myelin Sheath - genetics
Myelin Sheath - metabolism
Nervous system
Neurobiology
Neurological disorders
Neurology
Neurosciences
non-coding RNA
Nucleotides
Oligodendrocytes
Oligodendroglia - physiology
Proteins
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Signal transduction
Stroke
Tumorigenesis
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Summary:MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that consist of about 22 nucleotides and play critical roles in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. In recent years, some specific miRNA, such as miR-219, miR-138, miR-9, miR-23, and miR-19b were found to participate in the regulation of oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelin maintenance, as well as in the pathogenesis of demyelination-related diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and leukodystrophy). These miRNAs control their target mRNA or regulate the protein levels of some signaling pathways, and participate in OL differentiation and the pathogenesis of demyelination-related diseases. During pathologic processes, the expression levels of specific miRNAs are dynamically altered. Therefore, miRNAs act as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of defects in OL differentiation and demyelination-related diseases, and they can provide potential targets for therapeutic drug development.
ISSN:0893-7648
1559-1182
DOI:10.1007/s12035-011-8231-z