How Histone Deacetylases Control Myelination

Myelinated axons are a beautiful example of symbiotic interactions between two cell types: Myelinating glial cells organize axonal membranes and build their myelin sheaths to allow fast action potential conduction, while axons regulate myelination and enhance the survival of myelinating cells. Axona...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular neurobiology 2011-12, Vol.44 (3), p.303-312
Main Authors: Jacob, Claire, Lebrun-Julien, Frédéric, Suter, Ueli
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Action potential
Animals
Axons - pathology
Axons - physiology
Axons - ultrastructure
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Cell Differentiation - physiology
Cells
Demyelinating Diseases - metabolism
Demyelinating Diseases - pathology
Gene Expression Regulation
Histone Deacetylases - metabolism
Humans
Myelin Sheath - metabolism
Myelin Sheath - physiology
Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - physiology
Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - ultrastructure
Nervous system
Neurobiology
Neurology
Neurons
Neurosciences
Oligodendroglia - cytology
Oligodendroglia - physiology
Schwann Cells - cytology
Schwann Cells - physiology
Synaptic Transmission - physiology
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Summary:Myelinated axons are a beautiful example of symbiotic interactions between two cell types: Myelinating glial cells organize axonal membranes and build their myelin sheaths to allow fast action potential conduction, while axons regulate myelination and enhance the survival of myelinating cells. Axonal demyelination, occurring in neurodegenerative diseases or after a nerve injury, results in severe motor and/or mental disabilities. Thus, understanding how the myelination process is induced, regulated, and maintained is crucial to develop new therapeutic strategies for regeneration in the nervous system. Epigenetic regulation has recently been recognized as a fundamental contributing player. In this review, we focus on the central mechanisms of gene regulation mediated by histone deacetylation and other key functions of histone deacetylases in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glia of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
ISSN:0893-7648
1559-1182
DOI:10.1007/s12035-011-8198-9