Donor Testing and Risk: Current Prevalence, Incidence, and Residual Risk of Transfusion-Transmissible Agents in US Allogeneic Donations

Over the past 20 years, there has been a major increase in the safety of the blood supply, as demonstrated by declining rates of posttransfusion infection and reductions in estimated residual risk for such infections. Reliable estimates of residual risk have been possible within the American Red Cro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Transfusion medicine reviews 2012-04, Vol.26 (2), p.119-128
Main Authors: Zou, Shimian, Stramer, Susan L, Dodd, Roger Y
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies, Bacterial - blood
Antibodies, Protozoan - blood
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Blood Donors - statistics & numerical data
Blood Safety - methods
Blood Safety - statistics & numerical data
Chagas Disease - blood
Chagas Disease - epidemiology
Chagas Disease - prevention & control
Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Humans
Incidence
Population Surveillance
Prevalence
Red Cross
Risk
Syphilis - blood
Syphilis - epidemiology
Syphilis - prevention & control
Treponema pallidum - immunology
Trypanosoma cruzi - immunology
United States - epidemiology
Virus Diseases - blood
Virus Diseases - epidemiology
Virus Diseases - prevention & control
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Summary:Over the past 20 years, there has been a major increase in the safety of the blood supply, as demonstrated by declining rates of posttransfusion infection and reductions in estimated residual risk for such infections. Reliable estimates of residual risk have been possible within the American Red Cross system because of the availability of a large amount of reliable and consistent data on donations and infectious disease testing results. Among allogeneic blood donations, the prevalence rates of infection markers for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus have decreased over time, although rates for markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus did not. The incidence (/100 000 person-years) of HIV and HCV among repeat donors showed apparent increases from 1.55 and 1.89 in 2000 through 2001 to 2.16 and 2.98 in 2007 through 2008. These observed fluctuations confirm the need for continuous monitoring and evaluation. The residual risk of HIV, HCV, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus among all allogeneic donations is currently below 1 per 1 million donations, and that of hepatitis B surface antigen is close to 1 per 300 000 donations.
ISSN:0887-7963
1532-9496
DOI:10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.07.007