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Renal Disease in Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Background Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cause similar clinical syndromes of immune dysregulation, opportunistic infections, inflammatory diseases, and neoplasia. Renal disease is the 4th most common cause of death associated with HIV infection....
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| Published in: | Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2012-03, Vol.26 (2), p.238-243 |
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| container_end_page | 243 |
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 238 |
| container_title | Journal of veterinary internal medicine |
| container_volume | 26 |
| creator | Baxter, K.J. Levy, J.K. Edinboro, C.H. Vaden, S.L. Tompkins, M.B. |
| description | Background
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cause similar clinical syndromes of immune dysregulation, opportunistic infections, inflammatory diseases, and neoplasia. Renal disease is the 4th most common cause of death associated with HIV infection.
Objective
To investigate the association between FIV infection and renal disease in cats.
Animals
Client‐owned cats (153 FIV‐infected, 306 FIV‐noninfected) and specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) research colony cats (95 FIV‐infected, 98 FIV‐noninfected).
Methods
A mixed retrospective/prospective cross‐sectional study. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urine specific gravity (USG), and urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) data were compared between FIV‐infected and FIV‐noninfected cats. In FIV‐infected cats, total CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were measured using flow cytometry, and CD4+:CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio was calculated. Renal azotemia was defined as a serum creatinine ≥ 1.9 mg/dL with USG ≤ 1.035. Proteinuria was defined as a UPC > 0.4 with an inactive urine sediment.
Results
Among the client‐owned cats, no association was detected between FIV infection and renal azotemia (P = .24); however, a greater proportion of FIV‐infected cats were proteinuric (25.0%, 16 of 64 cats) compared to FIV‐noninfected cats (10.3%, 20 of 195 cats) (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00871.x |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_24P</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_934257618</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>934257618</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4181-7e7d4970629ba4c35491025a8272f9286ff2fda2dd50be46cbb594ec9c6760583</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkMtOwzAQRS0EoqXwC8g7Vgm2E9vxgkVVKAQVISHo1nKciXCVR4kbtf17ElpYM5sZae6dx0EIUxLSPm5XIVWRCqiQImSE0pCQRNJwd4LGf41TNCaJooEQMRmhC-9XhDDOuTxHI8aYUIREYzR9g9qU-N55MB6wq_HMbDxO6wLsBnK8dZtPPIfS1YDTqurqJofCWQe13eOlazt_ic4KU3q4OuYJ-pg_vM-egsXrYzqbLgIb04QGEmQeK0kEU5mJbcRjRft7TMIkKxRLRFGwIjcszznJIBY2y7iKwSrb_0J4Ek3QzWHuum2-OvAbXTlvoSxNDU3ntYpixqWggzI5KG3beN9Codetq0y715TogZ9e6QGTHjDpgZ_-4ad3vfX6uKTLKsj_jL_AesHdQbB1Jez_PVg_L9OXvoq-AcLdfTc</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>934257618</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Renal Disease in Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Collection</source><creator>Baxter, K.J. ; Levy, J.K. ; Edinboro, C.H. ; Vaden, S.L. ; Tompkins, M.B.</creator><creatorcontrib>Baxter, K.J. ; Levy, J.K. ; Edinboro, C.H. ; Vaden, S.L. ; Tompkins, M.B.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cause similar clinical syndromes of immune dysregulation, opportunistic infections, inflammatory diseases, and neoplasia. Renal disease is the 4th most common cause of death associated with HIV infection.
Objective
To investigate the association between FIV infection and renal disease in cats.
Animals
Client‐owned cats (153 FIV‐infected, 306 FIV‐noninfected) and specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) research colony cats (95 FIV‐infected, 98 FIV‐noninfected).
Methods
A mixed retrospective/prospective cross‐sectional study. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urine specific gravity (USG), and urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) data were compared between FIV‐infected and FIV‐noninfected cats. In FIV‐infected cats, total CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were measured using flow cytometry, and CD4+:CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio was calculated. Renal azotemia was defined as a serum creatinine ≥ 1.9 mg/dL with USG ≤ 1.035. Proteinuria was defined as a UPC > 0.4 with an inactive urine sediment.
Results
Among the client‐owned cats, no association was detected between FIV infection and renal azotemia (P = .24); however, a greater proportion of FIV‐infected cats were proteinuric (25.0%, 16 of 64 cats) compared to FIV‐noninfected cats (10.3%, 20 of 195 cats) (P < .01). Neither neuter status nor health status were risk factors for proteinuria in FIV‐infected cats, but UPC was positively correlated with the CD4+:CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio (Spearman's rho = 0.37, P = .01). Among the SPF research colony cats, no association was detected between FIV infection and renal azotemia (P = .21) or proteinuria (P = .25).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Proteinuria but not azotemia was associated with natural FIV infection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0891-6640</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1676</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00871.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22269003</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States</publisher><subject>Animals ; Azotemia ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Cats ; CD4-CD8 Ratio - veterinary ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology ; Creatinine - blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - blood ; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - complications ; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology ; Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - virology ; Female ; Glomerulonephropathy ; Human immunodeficiency virus – associated nephropathy ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline - isolation & purification ; Kidney Diseases - blood ; Kidney Diseases - immunology ; Kidney Diseases - veterinary ; Kidney Diseases - virology ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Proteinuria ; Proteinuria - veterinary ; Retrospective Studies ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Statistics, Nonparametric</subject><ispartof>Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2012-03, Vol.26 (2), p.238-243</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2012 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4181-7e7d4970629ba4c35491025a8272f9286ff2fda2dd50be46cbb594ec9c6760583</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4181-7e7d4970629ba4c35491025a8272f9286ff2fda2dd50be46cbb594ec9c6760583</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.2011.00871.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.2011.00871.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,11542,27903,27904,46030,46454</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1939-1676.2011.00871.x$$EView_record_in_Wiley-Blackwell$$FView_record_in_$$GWiley-Blackwell</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22269003$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Baxter, K.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levy, J.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Edinboro, C.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaden, S.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tompkins, M.B.</creatorcontrib><title>Renal Disease in Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus</title><title>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</title><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><description>Background
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cause similar clinical syndromes of immune dysregulation, opportunistic infections, inflammatory diseases, and neoplasia. Renal disease is the 4th most common cause of death associated with HIV infection.
Objective
To investigate the association between FIV infection and renal disease in cats.
Animals
Client‐owned cats (153 FIV‐infected, 306 FIV‐noninfected) and specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) research colony cats (95 FIV‐infected, 98 FIV‐noninfected).
Methods
A mixed retrospective/prospective cross‐sectional study. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urine specific gravity (USG), and urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) data were compared between FIV‐infected and FIV‐noninfected cats. In FIV‐infected cats, total CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were measured using flow cytometry, and CD4+:CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio was calculated. Renal azotemia was defined as a serum creatinine ≥ 1.9 mg/dL with USG ≤ 1.035. Proteinuria was defined as a UPC > 0.4 with an inactive urine sediment.
Results
Among the client‐owned cats, no association was detected between FIV infection and renal azotemia (P = .24); however, a greater proportion of FIV‐infected cats were proteinuric (25.0%, 16 of 64 cats) compared to FIV‐noninfected cats (10.3%, 20 of 195 cats) (P < .01). Neither neuter status nor health status were risk factors for proteinuria in FIV‐infected cats, but UPC was positively correlated with the CD4+:CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio (Spearman's rho = 0.37, P = .01). Among the SPF research colony cats, no association was detected between FIV infection and renal azotemia (P = .21) or proteinuria (P = .25).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Proteinuria but not azotemia was associated with natural FIV infection.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Azotemia</subject><subject>Blood Urea Nitrogen</subject><subject>Cats</subject><subject>CD4-CD8 Ratio - veterinary</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology</subject><subject>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology</subject><subject>Creatinine - blood</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - blood</subject><subject>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - complications</subject><subject>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology</subject><subject>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - virology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glomerulonephropathy</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus – associated nephropathy</subject><subject>Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Kidney Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Kidney Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>Kidney Diseases - veterinary</subject><subject>Kidney Diseases - virology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Proteinuria</subject><subject>Proteinuria - veterinary</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms</subject><subject>Statistics, Nonparametric</subject><issn>0891-6640</issn><issn>1939-1676</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkMtOwzAQRS0EoqXwC8g7Vgm2E9vxgkVVKAQVISHo1nKciXCVR4kbtf17ElpYM5sZae6dx0EIUxLSPm5XIVWRCqiQImSE0pCQRNJwd4LGf41TNCaJooEQMRmhC-9XhDDOuTxHI8aYUIREYzR9g9qU-N55MB6wq_HMbDxO6wLsBnK8dZtPPIfS1YDTqurqJofCWQe13eOlazt_ic4KU3q4OuYJ-pg_vM-egsXrYzqbLgIb04QGEmQeK0kEU5mJbcRjRft7TMIkKxRLRFGwIjcszznJIBY2y7iKwSrb_0J4Ek3QzWHuum2-OvAbXTlvoSxNDU3ntYpixqWggzI5KG3beN9Codetq0y715TogZ9e6QGTHjDpgZ_-4ad3vfX6uKTLKsj_jL_AesHdQbB1Jez_PVg_L9OXvoq-AcLdfTc</recordid><startdate>201203</startdate><enddate>201203</enddate><creator>Baxter, K.J.</creator><creator>Levy, J.K.</creator><creator>Edinboro, C.H.</creator><creator>Vaden, S.L.</creator><creator>Tompkins, M.B.</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201203</creationdate><title>Renal Disease in Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus</title><author>Baxter, K.J. ; Levy, J.K. ; Edinboro, C.H. ; Vaden, S.L. ; Tompkins, M.B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4181-7e7d4970629ba4c35491025a8272f9286ff2fda2dd50be46cbb594ec9c6760583</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Azotemia</topic><topic>Blood Urea Nitrogen</topic><topic>Cats</topic><topic>CD4-CD8 Ratio - veterinary</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology</topic><topic>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology</topic><topic>Creatinine - blood</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - blood</topic><topic>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - complications</topic><topic>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology</topic><topic>Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - virology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glomerulonephropathy</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus – associated nephropathy</topic><topic>Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Kidney Diseases - blood</topic><topic>Kidney Diseases - immunology</topic><topic>Kidney Diseases - veterinary</topic><topic>Kidney Diseases - virology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Proteinuria</topic><topic>Proteinuria - veterinary</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms</topic><topic>Statistics, Nonparametric</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Baxter, K.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levy, J.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Edinboro, C.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaden, S.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tompkins, M.B.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Baxter, K.J.</au><au>Levy, J.K.</au><au>Edinboro, C.H.</au><au>Vaden, S.L.</au><au>Tompkins, M.B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Renal Disease in Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus</atitle><jtitle>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><date>2012-03</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>238</spage><epage>243</epage><pages>238-243</pages><issn>0891-6640</issn><eissn>1939-1676</eissn><abstract>Background
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cause similar clinical syndromes of immune dysregulation, opportunistic infections, inflammatory diseases, and neoplasia. Renal disease is the 4th most common cause of death associated with HIV infection.
Objective
To investigate the association between FIV infection and renal disease in cats.
Animals
Client‐owned cats (153 FIV‐infected, 306 FIV‐noninfected) and specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) research colony cats (95 FIV‐infected, 98 FIV‐noninfected).
Methods
A mixed retrospective/prospective cross‐sectional study. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urine specific gravity (USG), and urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) data were compared between FIV‐infected and FIV‐noninfected cats. In FIV‐infected cats, total CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were measured using flow cytometry, and CD4+:CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio was calculated. Renal azotemia was defined as a serum creatinine ≥ 1.9 mg/dL with USG ≤ 1.035. Proteinuria was defined as a UPC > 0.4 with an inactive urine sediment.
Results
Among the client‐owned cats, no association was detected between FIV infection and renal azotemia (P = .24); however, a greater proportion of FIV‐infected cats were proteinuric (25.0%, 16 of 64 cats) compared to FIV‐noninfected cats (10.3%, 20 of 195 cats) (P < .01). Neither neuter status nor health status were risk factors for proteinuria in FIV‐infected cats, but UPC was positively correlated with the CD4+:CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio (Spearman's rho = 0.37, P = .01). Among the SPF research colony cats, no association was detected between FIV infection and renal azotemia (P = .21) or proteinuria (P = .25).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Proteinuria but not azotemia was associated with natural FIV infection.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>22269003</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00871.x</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2012-03, Vol.26 (2), p.238-243 |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Collection |
| subjects | Animals Azotemia Blood Urea Nitrogen Cats CD4-CD8 Ratio - veterinary CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology Creatinine - blood Cross-Sectional Studies Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - blood Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - complications Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - virology Female Glomerulonephropathy Human immunodeficiency virus – associated nephropathy Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline - isolation & purification Kidney Diseases - blood Kidney Diseases - immunology Kidney Diseases - veterinary Kidney Diseases - virology Male Prospective Studies Proteinuria Proteinuria - veterinary Retrospective Studies Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms Statistics, Nonparametric |
| title | Renal Disease in Cats Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus |
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