Allergy and Immunotherapy: Are They Related to Migraine Headache?

• Published in: Headache 2011-01, Vol.51 (1), p.8-20
• Main Authors: Martin, Vincent T., Taylor, Fred, Gebhardt, Bruce, Tomaszewski, Mara, Ellison, Joel S., Martin, Geoffrey V., Levin, Linda, Al-Shaikh, Enas, Nicolas, Joseph, Bernstein, Jonathan A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age; Age Factors; Aged; Allergies; allergy; atopy; Biological and medical sciences; desensitization; Disability Evaluation; Female; Generalized linear models; Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy; Headaches; Humans; Hypersensitivity - complications; Hypersensitivity - epidemiology; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy - adverse effects; Indexing in process; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Migraine; Migraine Disorders - epidemiology; Migraine Disorders - etiology; migraine headache; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes); Neurology; Odds Ratio; prevalence; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal - complications; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal - immunology; Risk Assessment; Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0017-8748; 1526-4610
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01792.x

(Headache 2011;51:8‐20) Introduction.— Several studies have reported that migraine headaches are more common in patients with allergic rhinitis and that immunotherapy decreases the frequency of headache in atopic headache sufferers. Objective.— To determine if the degree of allergic sensitization and the administration of immunotherapy are associated with the prevalence, frequency, and disability of migraine headache in patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods.— Consecutive patients between the ages of 18‐65 presenting to an allergy practice that received a diagnosis of an allergic rhinitis subtype (eg, allergic or mixed rhinitis) were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent allergy testing as well as a structured verbal headache diagnostic interview to ascertain the clinical characteristics of each headache type. Those reporting headaches were later assigned a headache diagnosis by a headache specialist blinded to the rhinitis diagnosis based on 2004 International Classification Headache Disorders‐2 (ICHD‐2) diagnostic criteria. Migraine prevalence was defined as the percentage of patients with a diagnosis of migraine headache (ICHD‐2 diagnoses 1.1‐1.5). Migraine frequency represented the number of days per month with migraine headache self‐reported during the headache interview and migraine disability was the number of days with disability obtained from the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the migraine prevalence, frequency, and disability with the degree of allergic sensitization (percentage of positive allergy tests) and administration of immunotherapy as covariates. Patients were categorized into high (> 45% positiveallergy tests) and low (≤45% positive allergy tests) atopic groups based on the number of allergy tests that were positive for the frequency and disability analyses. Results.— A total of 536 patients (60% female, mean age 40.9 years) participated in the study. The prevalence of migraine was not associated with the degree of allergic sensitization, but there was a significant age/immunotherapy interaction (P