Molecular Motors in Neurons: Transport Mechanisms and Roles in Brain Function, Development, and Disease

The kinesin, dynein, and myosin superfamily molecular motors have fundamental roles in neuronal function, plasticity, morphogenesis, and survival by transporting cargos such as synaptic vesicle precursors, neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor receptors, and mRNAs within axons, dendrites, and syn...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuron (Cambridge, Mass.) Mass.), 2010-11, Vol.68 (4), p.610-638
Main Authors: Hirokawa, Nobutaka, Niwa, Shinsuke, Tanaka, Yosuke
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Brain - growth & development
Brain - metabolism
Brain Diseases - genetics
Brain Diseases - metabolism
Brain Diseases - physiopathology
Cytoskeleton
Defects
Disease
Hearing loss
Humans
Mammals
Molecular Motor Proteins - classification
Molecular Motor Proteins - genetics
Molecular Motor Proteins - metabolism
Molecular Motor Proteins - physiology
Morphogenesis
Motility
Mutation
Neuronal Plasticity - genetics
Neuronal Plasticity - physiology
Neurons
Neurons - metabolism
Neurons - physiology
Protein Transport - genetics
Protein Transport - physiology
Proteins
Signal transduction
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Summary:The kinesin, dynein, and myosin superfamily molecular motors have fundamental roles in neuronal function, plasticity, morphogenesis, and survival by transporting cargos such as synaptic vesicle precursors, neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor receptors, and mRNAs within axons, dendrites, and synapses. Recent studies have begun to clarify the mechanisms of cargo selection and directional transport in subcellular compartments. Furthermore, molecular genetics has revealed unexpected roles for molecular motors in brain wiring, neuronal survival, neuronal plasticity, higher brain function, and control of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system development. Finally, it is also evident that molecular motors are critically involved in neuronal disease pathogenesis. Thus, molecular motor research is becoming an exciting frontier of neuroscience.
ISSN:0896-6273
1097-4199
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.039