Are oral contraceptive use and menstrual cycle phase related to anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female recreational skiers?

Oral contraceptive use and menstrual cycle phase are suggested to influence the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes. However, only few data are available for recreational sports. Therefore, female recreational skiers with a non-contact ACL injury and age-matched cont...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2009-09, Vol.17 (9), p.1065-1069
Main Authors: Ruedl, Gerhard, Ploner, Patrick, Linortner, Ingrid, Schranz, Alois, Fink, Christian, Sommersacher, Renate, Pocecco, Elena, Nachbauer, Werner, Burtscher, Martin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Age
Analysis
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Athletes (women)
Case-Control Studies
Chi-Square Distribution
Contraceptives, Oral - administration & dosage
Female
Females
Humans
Injuries
Joint and ligament injuries
Knee
Knees
Ligaments
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Menstrual Cycle
Menstruation
Middle Aged
Orthopedics
Questionnaires
Recreation
Risk Factors
Self report
Skiing
Skiing - injuries
Sports
Sports injuries
Statistics, Nonparametric
Surgery
Surveys and Questionnaires
Winter
Winter sports
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Summary:Oral contraceptive use and menstrual cycle phase are suggested to influence the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes. However, only few data are available for recreational sports. Therefore, female recreational skiers with a non-contact ACL injury and age-matched controls completed a self-reported questionnaire relating to menstrual history, oral contraceptive use and previous knee injuries. Menstrual history data were used to group subjects into either preovulatory or postovulatory phases of menstrual cycle. Our findings suggest that oral contraceptive use did not show any protective effect against ACL injuries nor did self-reported previous knee injuries show any association with ACL injury rate in recreational alpine skiing. Analysis of menstrual history data revealed that recreational skiers in the preovulatory phase were significantly more likely to sustain an ACL injury than were skiers in the postovulatory phase.
ISSN:0942-2056
1433-7347
DOI:10.1007/s00167-009-0786-0