Rapid detection of rRNA group I pseudomonads in contaminated metalworking fluids and biofilm formation by fluorescent in situ hybridization

• Published in: Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2012-05, Vol.94 (3), p.799-808
• Main Authors: Saha, Ratul, Donofrio, Robert S., Goeres, Darla M., Bagley, Susan T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abundance; Analysis; Bacteria; Bacterial Load; Biofilms; Biofilms - growth & development; Biological products; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Contamination; Culture techniques; Cytogenetics; DNA, Bacterial - chemistry; DNA, Bacterial - genetics; DNA, Ribosomal - chemistry; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics; E coli; Environmental Biotechnology; Environmental Microbiology; High speed machining; Hybridization; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence - methods; Life Sciences; Lubricants & lubrication; Metal products industry; Metalworking fluids; Metalworking industry; Metalworking machinery; Microbial activity; Microbial degradation; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; Microorganisms; Monitors; Pathogens; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas fluorescens - genetics; Pseudomonas fluorescens - isolation & purification; Pseudomonas fluorescens - physiology; Pseudomonas oleovorans; Pseudomonas oleovorans - genetics; Pseudomonas oleovorans - isolation & purification; Pseudomonas oleovorans - physiology; RNA; RNA, Ribosomal - genetics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; Sensitivity and Specificity; Studies
• ISSN: 0175-7598; 1432-0614
• DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3647-y

Metalworking fluids (MWFs), used in different machining operations, are highly prone to microbial degradation. Microbial communities present in MWFs lead to biofilm formation in the MWF systems, which act as a continuous source of contamination. Species of rRNA group I Pseudomonas dominate in contaminated MWFs. However, their actual distribution is typically underestimated when using standard culturing techniques as most fail to grow on the commonly used Pseudomonas Isolation Agar. To overcome this, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to study their abundance along with biofilm formation by two species recovered from MWFs, Pseudomonas fluorescens MWF-1 and the newly described Pseudomonas oleovorans subsp. lubricantis . Based on 16S rRNA sequences, a unique fluorescent molecular probe (Pseudo120) was designed targeting a conserved signature sequence common to all rRNA group I Pseudomonas . The specificity of the probe was evaluated using hybridization experiments with whole cells of different Pseudomonas species. The probe's sensitivity was determined to be 10 3  cells/ml. It successfully detected and enumerated the abundance and distribution of Pseudomonas indicating levels between 3.2 (±1.1) × 10 6 and 5.0 (±2.3) × 10 6  cells/ml in four different industrial MWF samples collected from three different locations. Biofilm formation was visualized under stagnant conditions using high and low concentrations of cells for both P. fluorescens MWF-1 and P. oleovorans subsp . lubricantis stained with methylene blue and Pseudo120. On the basis of these observations, this molecular probe can be successfully be used in the management of MWF systems to monitor the levels and biofilm formation of rRNA group I pseudomonads.