Thermodynamics of non-local materials: extra fluxes and internal powers

The most usual formulation of the Laws of Thermodynamics turns out to be suitable for local or simple materials, while for non-local systems there are two different ways: either modify this usual formulation by introducing suitable extra fluxes or express the Laws of Thermodynamics in terms of inter...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics 2011-11, Vol.23 (6), p.509-525
Main Authors: Fabrizio, Mauro, Lazzari, Barbara, Nibbi, Roberta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ambiguity
Classical and Continuum Physics
Constitutive equations
Engineering Thermodynamics
Fluxes
Formulations
Heat and Mass Transfer
Laws
Mathematical analysis
Original Article
Physics
Physics and Astronomy
Structural Materials
Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Theory
Thermodynamics
Vectors (mathematics)
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Summary:The most usual formulation of the Laws of Thermodynamics turns out to be suitable for local or simple materials, while for non-local systems there are two different ways: either modify this usual formulation by introducing suitable extra fluxes or express the Laws of Thermodynamics in terms of internal powers directly, as we propose in this paper. The first choice is subject to the criticism that the vector fluxes must be introduced a posteriori in order to obtain the compatibility with the Laws of Thermodynamics. On the contrary, the formulation in terms of internal powers is more general, because it is a priori defined on the basis of the constitutive equations. Besides it allows to highlight, without ambiguity, the contribution of the internal powers in the variation of the thermodynamic potentials. Finally, in this paper, we consider some examples of non-local materials and derive the proper expressions of their internal powers from the power balance laws.
ISSN:0935-1175
1432-0959
DOI:10.1007/s00161-011-0193-x