Use of voluntarily fortified foods among adults in Finland

• Published in: Public health nutrition 2012-05, Vol.15 (5), p.802-810
• Main Authors: Hirvonen, Tero, Kara, Anna, Korkalo, Liisa, Sinkko, Harri, Ovaskainen, Marja-Leena, Mikkilä, Vera
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Bar codes; Dairy Products - statistics & numerical data; Diaries; Diet - statistics & numerical data; Epidemiology; Exercise; Feeding Behavior - psychology; Female; Finland; Food fortification; Food products; Food, Fortified - statistics & numerical data; Food, Fortified - utilization; Fortified foods; Fruit; Fruits; Health Behavior; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrients; Nutrition Surveys; Older people; Purchasing; Regression analysis; Sex Distribution; Vegetables; Vitamin D
• ISSN: 1368-9800; 1475-2727
• DOI: 10.1017/S1368980011002266

To investigate the purchase and use of fortified foods, and to explore and compare background characteristics, food consumption and nutrient intakes among users and non-users of voluntarily fortified foods in Finland. A study based on the National FINDIET Survey 2007 (48 h recall), which included also a barcode-based product diary developed to assess the type, amount and users of voluntarily fortified foods. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate associations between background characteristics and the use of fortified foods. Randomly chosen subgroup of 918 adult participants in the National FINDIET 2007 Survey. Men and women aged 25-64 years from five regions. The product group of voluntarily fortified foods purchased in the highest volume was yoghurts (44 % of the weight of all fortified food), followed by fruit drinks (36 %). The only characteristics independently associated with the use of voluntarily fortified foods were age (older people used them less commonly) and the consumption of fruit and vegetables (participants with the highest consumption used them more commonly). Users of fortified foods had higher consumption of yoghurt, juice drinks and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (women only) than non-users, and lower consumption of boiled potatoes (men only). Use of voluntarily fortified foods is associated with high consumption of fruit and vegetables but not with other health-related behaviours. The use of voluntarily fortified foods does not seem to even out the differences in nutrient intake among Finnish adults.