Lower Serum Paraoxonase-1 Activity Is Related to Linoleic and Docosahexanoic Fatty Acids in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

• Published in: Archives of medical research 2012, Vol.43 (1), p.75-82
• Main Authors: Rasic-Milutinovic, Zorica, Popovic, Tamara, Perunicic-Pekovic, Gordana, Arsic, Aleksandra, Borozan, Suncica, Glibetic, Marija
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aryldialkylphosphatase - blood; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Chronic inflammation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - enzymology; Docosahexaenoic Acids - blood; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase - blood; Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism; Humans; Insulin - blood; Internal Medicine; Linear Models; Linoleic Acid - blood; Male; Middle Aged; Paraoxonase-1 activity; Phospholipids - blood; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Superoxide Dismutase - blood; Triglycerides - blood; Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• ISSN: 0188-4409; 1873-5487
• DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.12.008

Background Serum paraoxonase-1(PON-1) activity is decreased in clinical conditions associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased lipid peroxidation and low-grade chronic inflammation, as in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Until now there are no data about the association of any fatty acid (FA) with PON-1 activity in T2DM. Methods Twenty patients with T2DM and 16 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum PON-1 activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity as well as plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) were measured. The preparation of FA methyl esters and their gas chromatography (GC) analysis were also performed. Results HbA1c, plasma insulin, HOMA-IR and triglycerides were higher in patients with T2DM, whereas HDL-C was lower in those subjects. Levels of pro-oxidative enzyme malondialdehyde (MDA) and hs-CRP were significantly higher, and anti-oxidative enzymes SOD and PON-1 activity were decreased in T2DM patients. N-6 PUFAs were higher in T2DM patients, particularly linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6), whereas n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) was lower in T2DM patients. Using regression analysis, we have shown that only LA and DHA independently predicted PON-1 activity of all participants, particularly in patients with T2DM. Conclusions Decreased serum PON-1 activity may, in part, be influenced by higher levels of LA and lower levels of DHA in patients with T2DM. Prospective, randomized studies are necessary to confirm these preliminary findings.