The antipruritic effect of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (tropisetron) is dependent on mast cell depletion - an experimental study

• Published in: Experimental dermatology 1999-08, Vol.8 (4), p.254-260
• Main Authors: Weisshaar, E., Ziethen, B., Röhl, F.-W., Gollnick, H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; Adult; alloknesis; Antipruritics - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Cell Count - drug effects; cutaneous vasoreactions; Female; Histamine; Humans; Indoles - therapeutic use; Male; mast cell; Mast Cells - drug effects; Medical sciences; p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine - pharmacology; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; pruritus; Pruritus - chemically induced; Pruritus - drug therapy; Pruritus - physiopathology; Sensation - drug effects; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists - pharmacology; Skin Temperature - drug effects; Skin Temperature - physiology; Skin, nail, hair, dermoskeleton; tropisetron
• ISSN: 0906-6705; 1600-0625
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00379.x

The background of this study is that 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists are reported to have an antipruritic effect in uremic and cholestatic pruritus. Recently, we could not confirm such an effect in healthy subjects under experimental conditions. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to further evaluate a possible antipruritic effect of a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist (tropisetron) on serotonin‐ and histamine‐induced itch before and after skin mast cell depletion in 10 healthy subjects. The results were compared to serotonin and histamine iontophoresis in non‐pretreated and pretreated skin with an orally applied antihistamine (cetirizine). Skin mast cell depletion was performed by iontophoretical application of compound 48/80. Wheals and flares were planimetrically evaluated. Itching and burning sensations were rated on an analog scale over a 24‐min period. The test protocol also comprised alloknesis, defined as induction of perifocal itch sensations by a mechanical stimulus. When serotonin was inotophoretically applied after mast cells had been depleted before, oral tropisetron resulted not only in significantly lower whealing, itching and alloknesis but also reduced flares. In contrast, after oral pretreatment with tropisetron histamine‐induced reactions before and after mast cell depletion did not significantly change. Our study demonstrates that in this model, tropisetron as a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist does not effect histamine‐induced itch but has a measurable effect in serotonin‐induced reactions when mast cells were depleted before. From these data evidence now exists why tropisetron is to some extent effective in certain types of pruritus such as uremic pruritus, known for increased histamine liberation and increased serotonin levels as well as degranulated and diffusely spread mast cells in the skin.