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Activation of Human Medial Prefrontal Cortex during Autonomic Responses to Hypoglycemia

Studies in humans implicate the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in complex cognitive and emotional states. We measured regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) four times each during euglycemia (5.2 ± 0.2 mmol/liter) and hypoglycemia (3.0 ± 0.3 mmol/liter) in nine normal human volunteers. Autonomic respon...

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Published in:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2004-04, Vol.101 (16), p.6217-6221
Main Authors:	Teves, Denise, Videen, Tom O., Cryer, Philip E., Powers, William J., Raichle, Marcus E.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Autonomic Nervous System - diagnostic imaging Autonomic Nervous System - physiopathology Biological Sciences Blood flow Blood plasma Brain stem Cerebrovascular Circulation Female Globus pallidus Hippocampus Humans Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia - physiopathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neurology Positron emission tomography Prefrontal cortex Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Statistical significance Thalamus Tomography, Emission-Computed
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creator	Teves, Denise Videen, Tom O. Cryer, Philip E. Powers, William J. Raichle, Marcus E.
description	Studies in humans implicate the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in complex cognitive and emotional states. We measured regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) four times each during euglycemia (5.2 ± 0.2 mmol/liter) and hypoglycemia (3.0 ± 0.3 mmol/liter) in nine normal human volunteers. Autonomic responses during hypoglycemia were manifested by increases in neurogenic symptoms, heart rate, and plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and pancreatic polypeptide. Typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were mild, and none reflected evidence of cognitive or emotional stress. Quantitative CBF fell 6-8% in the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum. Analysis of regional CBF differences identified neuronal activation during hypoglycemia in bilateral MPFC (areas 24 and 32) and bilateral thalamus. These results provide evidence that the MPFC participates in the autonomic responses to simple physiological stimuli in humans.
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We measured regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) four times each during euglycemia (5.2 ± 0.2 mmol/liter) and hypoglycemia (3.0 ± 0.3 mmol/liter) in nine normal human volunteers. Autonomic responses during hypoglycemia were manifested by increases in neurogenic symptoms, heart rate, and plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and pancreatic polypeptide. Typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were mild, and none reflected evidence of cognitive or emotional stress. Quantitative CBF fell 6-8% in the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum. Analysis of regional CBF differences identified neuronal activation during hypoglycemia in bilateral MPFC (areas 24 and 32) and bilateral thalamus. 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source	JSTOR Archival Journals; PubMed Central
subjects	Adolescent Adult Autonomic Nervous System - diagnostic imaging Autonomic Nervous System - physiopathology Biological Sciences Blood flow Blood plasma Brain stem Cerebrovascular Circulation Female Globus pallidus Hippocampus Humans Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia - physiopathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Neurology Positron emission tomography Prefrontal cortex Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Statistical significance Thalamus Tomography, Emission-Computed
title	Activation of Human Medial Prefrontal Cortex during Autonomic Responses to Hypoglycemia
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