Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Phenology and Management with Methoxyfenozide in North Carolina Apples

• Published in: Journal of economic entomology 2004-08, Vol.97 (4), p.1353-1364
• Main Authors: Borchert, Daniel M., Stinner, Ronald E., Walgenbach, James F., Kennedy, George G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; apples; application timing; Biological and medical sciences; codling moth; Control; Cydia pomonella; Female; Fruit; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Generalities; Grapholita molesta; heat sums; HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY; Hydrazines - administration & dosage; insect control; Insect Control - instrumentation; Insecticides - administration & dosage; Juvenile Hormones - administration & dosage; Malus; Malus domestica; mathematical models; methoxyfenozide; Moths - physiology; oriental fruit moth; Oviposition; pest management; phenology; phenology model; phenology models; Pheromones; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; prediction; Protozoa. Invertebrates; Seasons
• ISSN: 0022-0493; 1938-291X
• DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-97.4.1353

The phenology of oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), on apple (Malus spp.) in North Carolina was studied using pheromone traps and egg sampling in abandoned and commercial orchards in 2000 and 2001, with subsequent development of an oviposition degree-day model and management studies in relation to codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), phenology. Oriental fruit moth eggs were found in greater numbers on leaves early and on fruit later in the growing season, on the top versus the bottom of the leaf surface, and on the calyx area versus the side or stem end of the fruit. A degree-day (DD) model to predict oriental fruit moth oviposition was developed based on temperature accumulations from peak moth trap capture of the first (overwintering) generation, by using 7.2 and 32.2°C as the temperature limits. The model predicted four ovipositing generations of oriental fruit moth with the second beginning 507 DD after peak moth catch. Using predictions of the oriental fruit moth and codling moth degree-day oviposition models, an experiment was conducted to determine the level of second generation oriental fruit moth control with methoxyfenozide applied under different scenarios for first generation codling moth. Methoxyfenozide was equally effective in managing codling moth and oriental fruit moth for all treatment timings.