Attenuation of indomethacin- and HCl/ethanol-induced oxidative gastric mucosa damage in rats by kolaviron, a natural biflavonoid of Garcinia kola seed

• Published in: Phytotherapy research 2006, Vol.20 (1), p.14-20
• Main Authors: Olaleye, S.B, Farombi, E.O
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Catalase - drug effects; ethanol; Flavonoids - chemistry; Flavonoids - pharmacology; Flavonoids - therapeutic use; Garcinia kola; Gastric Mucosa - drug effects; Gastric Mucosa - enzymology; Gastric Mucosa - pathology; gastric ulcer; gastro-protection; General pharmacology; Glutathione - analysis; Hydrochloric Acid - toxicity; Incidence; indomethacin; Indomethacin - toxicity; Kolaviron; Male; Malondialdehyde - analysis; Medical sciences; oxidative damage; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations - pharmacology; Plant Preparations - therapeutic use; Ranitidine - pharmacology; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seeds - chemistry; Stomach Ulcer - chemically induced; Stomach Ulcer - enzymology; Stomach Ulcer - prevention & control; Superoxide Dismutase - drug effects
• ISSN: 0951-418X; 1099-1573
• DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1793

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the aetiology of HCl/ethanol‐ and indomethacin gastric mucosal damage. This study investigated the protective effects of kolaviron, a natural antioxidant from the seed of Garcinia kola, on oxidative gastric mucosal damage induced by HCl/ethanol, and indomethacin. A HCl/ethanol mixture (1.5 mL of 0.15 n HCl in 70% ethanol) and indomethacin (IND) caused severe gastric damage with an ulcer index of 2.90 ± 0.8 and 2.5 ± 0.4, respectively, and significant reductions in the gastric mucosal content of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.001). Pre‐treatment of animals with kolaviron (100 mg/kg) orally 1 h and once daily for 3 days prior to ulcer induction significantly reduced the formation of ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol with preventive ratios of 65 and 72, respectively, while rats treated with kolaviron 1 day and for 7 days prior to IND treatment attenuated ulcer formation by 59% and 77%. Pre‐treatment with ranitidine 1 h prior to ulcer induction (50 mg/kg) elicited preventive ulcer ratio of 55. Kolaviron pre‐treatment 1 h before ulcer induction attenuated the HCl/ethanol reduction in CAT, SOD and GSH by 43%, 42% and 30%, respectively, and 67%, 68% and 64% following 72 h treatment with kolaviron. Ranitidine elicited 24%, 41% and 29% protective effects, respectively. Similarly, kolaviron administered to rats 1 day and for 7 days before IND treatment attenuated the drug‐induced inhibition of CAT by 44% and 70%; SOD by 23% and 43% and GSH by 32% and 55%, respectively. In a 1 h and 3‐day treatment with kolaviron before HCl/ethanol administration, MDA was reduced by 35% and 55%, respectively, while kolaviron administration 1 day and for 7 days before IND elicited a 39% and 58% reduction in MDA. Ranitidine elicited 39% and 50% reduction in MDA following HCl/ethanol and IND treatment. The results indicate the gastroprotective activity of kolaviron, which may be linked to its intrinsic antioxidant properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.